Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly
Madeline A. Lancaster,Magdalena Renner,Carol Anne Martin,Daniel Wenzel,Louise S. Bicknell,Matthew E. Hurles,Tessa Homfray,Josef M. Penninger,Andrew P. Jackson,Juergen A. Knoblich +9 more
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A human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system that develops various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions that include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes is developed.Abstract:
The complexity of the human brain has made it difficult to study many brain disorders in model organisms, highlighting the need for an in vitro model of human brain development Here we have developed a human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system, termed cerebral organoids, that develop various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions These include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes Furthermore, cerebral organoids are shown to recapitulate features of human cortical development, namely characteristic progenitor zone organization with abundant outer radial glial stem cells Finally, we use RNA interference and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells to model microcephaly, a disorder that has been difficult to recapitulate in mice We demonstrate premature neuronal differentiation in patient organoids, a defect that could help to explain the disease phenotype Together, these data show that three-dimensional organoids can recapitulate development and disease even in this most complex human tissueread more
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Brain Organoids as Tools for Modeling Human Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
TL;DR: How brain organoids have been used to study neurodevelopmental disease and their potential for both technological advancement and therapeutic development are considered.
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Viscoelasticity and Adhesion Signaling in Biomaterials Control Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Morphogenesis in 3D Culture.
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of matrix viscoelasticity in directing lumen formation was investigated in 3D culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in reconstituted basement membrane matrices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Replication of early and recent Zika virus isolates throughout mouse brain development
TL;DR: It is determined that ZikV replicates across different embryonic developmental stages, and viral infection can disrupt proper brain development leading to congenital CNS complications, and that ZIKV infection interferes with multiple aspects of neurodevelopment that contribute to the complexity of cZVS.
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Neural patterning of human induced pluripotent stem cells in 3-D cultures for studying biomolecule-directed differential cellular responses.
TL;DR: This study provides knowledge on the differential susceptibility of region-specific neuronal subtypes derived from hiPSCs to different biomolecules in extracellular matrix remodeling and neurotoxicity and helps establish 3-D models for neurological disease modeling and drug discovery.
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Mapping the Ethical Issues of Brain Organoid Research and Application
Tsutomu Sawai,Yoshi-Yuki Hayashi,Takuya Niikawa,Joshua Shepherd,Joshua Shepherd,Elizabeth Thomas,Tsung Ling Lee,Alexandre Erler,Momoko Watanabe,Hideya Sakaguchi +9 more
TL;DR: In 2008, researchers created human three-dimensional neural tissue, known as the pioneering work of brain organoids, and some researchers have transplanted human brain organoid int... as discussed by the authors,.
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