Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly
Madeline A. Lancaster,Magdalena Renner,Carol Anne Martin,Daniel Wenzel,Louise S. Bicknell,Matthew E. Hurles,Tessa Homfray,Josef M. Penninger,Andrew P. Jackson,Juergen A. Knoblich +9 more
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A human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system that develops various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions that include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes is developed.Abstract:
The complexity of the human brain has made it difficult to study many brain disorders in model organisms, highlighting the need for an in vitro model of human brain development Here we have developed a human pluripotent stem cell-derived three-dimensional organoid culture system, termed cerebral organoids, that develop various discrete, although interdependent, brain regions These include a cerebral cortex containing progenitor populations that organize and produce mature cortical neuron subtypes Furthermore, cerebral organoids are shown to recapitulate features of human cortical development, namely characteristic progenitor zone organization with abundant outer radial glial stem cells Finally, we use RNA interference and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells to model microcephaly, a disorder that has been difficult to recapitulate in mice We demonstrate premature neuronal differentiation in patient organoids, a defect that could help to explain the disease phenotype Together, these data show that three-dimensional organoids can recapitulate development and disease even in this most complex human tissueread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Three-dimensional cell culture: from evolution to revolution.
TL;DR: The historical background and some of the recent advances in the field of three-dimensional organoids are outlined and the current limitations of these systems are highlighted and potential avenues to further benefit biological research using three- dimensional modelling technologies are discussed.
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Biocompatibility of Subcutaneously Implanted Plant- Derived Cellulose Biomaterials
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Morphological and functional aspects of progenitors perturbed in cortical malformations.
TL;DR: This review focuses on a class of neuronal progenitors, radial glial cells (RGCs), which are renowned for their unique morphological and behavioral characteristics, constituting a key element during the development of the mammalian cerebral cortex.
Journal ArticleDOI
Human cerebral organoids establish subcortical projections in the mouse brain after transplantation.
Xin Dong,Shi-Bo Xu,Xin Chen,Mengdan Tao,Xiao-Yan Tang,Kai-Heng Fang,Min Xu,Yufeng Pan,Yuejun Chen,Shuijin He,Yan Liu,Yan Liu +11 more
TL;DR: It is shown that subcortical projections can be established by microtransplantation and may provide crucial insights into the therapeutic potential of human cerebral organoids for neurological diseases.
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Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (2 nm) can penetrate and enter cell nuclei in an in vitro 3D brain spheroid model
Viktoriya Sokolova,Goodwell Nzou,Selina Beatrice van der Meer,Tatjana Ruks,Marc Heggen,Kateryna Loza,Nina Hagemann,Florian Murke,Bernd Giebel,Dirk M. Hermann,Anthony Atala,Matthias Epple +11 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that ultrasmall gold nanoparticles can easily penetrate the constituting cells and sometimes even enter the cell nucleus, and they can also enter the interior of the blood-brain barrier model.
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