Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives.
TLDR
Research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines, and the newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas.Abstract:
Leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with an important clinical and epidemiological diversity. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is of higher priority than cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as it is a fatal disease in the absence of treatment. Anthroponotic VL foci are of special concern as they are at the origin of frequent and deathly epidemics (e.g. Sudan). Leishmaniasis burden remains important: 88 countries, 350 million people at risk, 500,000 new cases of VL per year, 1-1.5 million for CL and DALYs: 2.4 millions. Most of the burden is concentrated on few countries which allows clear geographic priorities. Leishmaniasis is still an important public health problem due to not only environmental risk factors such as massive migrations, urbanisation, deforestation, new irrigation schemes, but also to individual risk factors: HIV, malnutrition, genetic, etc em leader Leishmaniasis is part of those diseases which still requires improved control tools. Consequently WHO/TDR research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines. The ongoing effort has already produced significant results. The newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas. In anthroponotic foci, the feasibility of getting a strong impact on mortality, morbidity and transmission, is high.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Incidence and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (Dalys) Attributable to Leishmaniasis In Iran, 2013.
TL;DR: The share of leishmaniasis burden in Iran is lower than the global burden of the disease and GBD 2010 standard method is recommended to calculate the burden of leishingmaniasis in different countries and set local priorities on the basis of these measures.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hamster, a close model for visceral leishmaniasis: Opportunities and challenges
Sheetal Saini,Ambak Kumar Rai +1 more
TL;DR: Among all available models, the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is the most suitable model for the experimental representation of VL, and its opportunities and challenges are focused on.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficacy of 65% permethrin applied to dogs as a spot-on against Phlebotomus perniciosus.
Ricardo Molina,Carmen Espinosa-Gongora,Rosa Gálvez,Ana Montoya,Miguel Ángel Descalzo,Maribel Jiménez,Diana Dado,Guadalupe Miró +7 more
TL;DR: Findings indicate satisfactory repellent, or anti-feeding, effects lasting 3 weeks and short-term insecticidal effects lasting 2 weeks after initial application, and recommend the use of this product every 2-3 weeks during the active phlebotomine sand fly period to protect dogs against the bites of P. perniciosus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alternative and complementary antileishmanial treatments: assessment of the antileishmanial activity of 27 Lebanese plants, including 11 endemic species.
TL;DR: In vitro immunomodulatory and antileishmanial activities on the intracellular amastigote form of the parasite were investigated and several extracts from A. tinctoria, F. clypeata, and O. aucheriana were shown to induce nitrous oxide production by human macrophages.
Journal Article
Distribution of cave-dwelling phlebotomine sand flies and their nocturnal and diurnal activity in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand.
TL;DR: Although leishmaniasis has not been reported in Phitsanulok, there should be heightened awareness of infection in these areas with vectors of the protozoa, and the diurnal activity of the sand fly and the day-time risk of leish maniasis is highlighted.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide.
TL;DR: Increasing risk factors are making leishmaniasis a growing public health concern for many countries around the world, and some are related to a specific eco-epidemiological entity, others affect all forms of leish maniasis.
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Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
TL;DR: Despite several disadvantages, amphotericin B is the only drug available for use in these areas and should be used as first‐line drug instead of Sbv, and the new oral antileishmanial drug miltefosine is likely to be the first-line drug in future.
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Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis
TL;DR: In this paper, a prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic usefulness of non-invasive testing for antibody to the leishmanial antigen K39 by means of antigen-impregnated nitrocellulose paper strips adapted for use under field conditions.
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Effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars on incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian children: a matched-cluster randomised trial.
TL;DR: Community-wide application of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars not only protects domestic dogs from L infantum infections, but might also reduce the risk of L infantu infection in children.