Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives.
TLDR
Research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines, and the newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas.Abstract:
Leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with an important clinical and epidemiological diversity. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is of higher priority than cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as it is a fatal disease in the absence of treatment. Anthroponotic VL foci are of special concern as they are at the origin of frequent and deathly epidemics (e.g. Sudan). Leishmaniasis burden remains important: 88 countries, 350 million people at risk, 500,000 new cases of VL per year, 1-1.5 million for CL and DALYs: 2.4 millions. Most of the burden is concentrated on few countries which allows clear geographic priorities. Leishmaniasis is still an important public health problem due to not only environmental risk factors such as massive migrations, urbanisation, deforestation, new irrigation schemes, but also to individual risk factors: HIV, malnutrition, genetic, etc em leader Leishmaniasis is part of those diseases which still requires improved control tools. Consequently WHO/TDR research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines. The ongoing effort has already produced significant results. The newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas. In anthroponotic foci, the feasibility of getting a strong impact on mortality, morbidity and transmission, is high.read more
Citations
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A new Leishmania -specific hypothetical protein and its non-described specific B cell conformational epitope applied in the serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis
Daniela P. Lage,Vívian T. Martins,Mariana C. Duarte,Lourena E. Costa,Esther Garde,Laura Mattos Dimer,Amanda Christine Da Silva Kursancew,Miguel A. Chávez-Fumagalli,Danielle F. de Magalhães-Soares,Daniel Menezes-Souza,Bruno Mendes Roatt,Ricardo Andrez Machado-de-Ávila,Manuel Soto,Carlos Alberto Pereira Tavares,Eduardo A.F. Coelho +14 more
TL;DR: The rLiHyD presented better results for the CVL serodiagnosis than its linear epitopes, although the peptide recreating the conformational epitope resulted also appropriate as a diagnostic marker of CVL.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis in northern and western Africa: a review
TL;DR: In northern Africa, the disease is prevalent in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt and Libya while in western Africa, there are low prevalence rates of the disease and zoonotic and anthroponotic cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis is a health problem that should be addressed urgently.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of Old World Leishmania spp. by specific polymerase chain reaction amplification of cysteine proteinase B genes and rapid dipstick detection.
Thierry Laurent,Gert Van der Auwera,Mallorie Hide,Pascal Mertens,Wilber Quispe-Tintaya,Wilber Quispe-Tintaya,Stijn Deborggraeve,Stijn Deborggraeve,Simonne De Doncker,Thierry Leclipteux,Anne-Laure Bañuls,Philippe Büscher,Jean-Claude Dujardin +12 more
TL;DR: This work used the cysteine proteinase B (cpb) gene family of the trypanosomatid genus Leishmania as a target to develop rapid, specific, and easy-to-use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to discriminate Leishmania infantum, Leishmannia donovani, Leishingmania tropica, Leishesmania aethiopica, and LeishMania major.
Journal ArticleDOI
In Vitro Synergistic Effect of Amphotericin B and Allicin on Leishmania donovani and L. infantum
TL;DR: Allicin enhanced the activity of AmB on intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani and L. infantum and point toward the possible utility of testing this combination in vivo to reduce the toxicity associated with monotherapy with AmB.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic structure of Phlebotomus (Larroussius) ariasi populations, the vector of Leishmania infantum in the western Mediterranean: epidemiological implications.
Fernando Alves de Lima Franco,Francisco Morillas-Márquez,S. D. Barón,Manuel Morales-Yuste,Rosa Gálvez,Victoriano Díaz,Bernard Pesson,Carlos Alves-Pires,Jérôme Depaquit,Ricardo Molina,M. Odette Afonso,Montserrat Gállego,Souad Guernaoui,Azzedine Bounamous,Joaquina Martín-Sánchez +14 more
TL;DR: A fragment of the mitochondrial Cyt b gene is sequence in 133 sandflies morphologically identified as P. ariasi from a wide geographical range covering 35 locations in 11 different regions from five countries and could be one of the multiple factors involved in the epidemiological heterogeneity of the foci of leishmaniasis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide.
TL;DR: Increasing risk factors are making leishmaniasis a growing public health concern for many countries around the world, and some are related to a specific eco-epidemiological entity, others affect all forms of leish maniasis.
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Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
TL;DR: Despite several disadvantages, amphotericin B is the only drug available for use in these areas and should be used as first‐line drug instead of Sbv, and the new oral antileishmanial drug miltefosine is likely to be the first-line drug in future.
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Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis
TL;DR: In this paper, a prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic usefulness of non-invasive testing for antibody to the leishmanial antigen K39 by means of antigen-impregnated nitrocellulose paper strips adapted for use under field conditions.
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Effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars on incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian children: a matched-cluster randomised trial.
TL;DR: Community-wide application of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars not only protects domestic dogs from L infantum infections, but might also reduce the risk of L infantu infection in children.