Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives.
TLDR
Research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines, and the newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas.Abstract:
Leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with an important clinical and epidemiological diversity. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is of higher priority than cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as it is a fatal disease in the absence of treatment. Anthroponotic VL foci are of special concern as they are at the origin of frequent and deathly epidemics (e.g. Sudan). Leishmaniasis burden remains important: 88 countries, 350 million people at risk, 500,000 new cases of VL per year, 1-1.5 million for CL and DALYs: 2.4 millions. Most of the burden is concentrated on few countries which allows clear geographic priorities. Leishmaniasis is still an important public health problem due to not only environmental risk factors such as massive migrations, urbanisation, deforestation, new irrigation schemes, but also to individual risk factors: HIV, malnutrition, genetic, etc em leader Leishmaniasis is part of those diseases which still requires improved control tools. Consequently WHO/TDR research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines. The ongoing effort has already produced significant results. The newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas. In anthroponotic foci, the feasibility of getting a strong impact on mortality, morbidity and transmission, is high.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Immunity to Leishmania and the rational search for vaccines against canine leishmaniasis
Alexandre Barbosa Reis,Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti,Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti,Eugenia Carrillo,Olindo Assis Martins-Filho,Javier Moreno +5 more
TL;DR: Experimental data gathered from recent dog trials are summarized to discuss their potential to serve as quantitative surrogate markers of immunization and, more importantly, its usefulness to evaluate whether the immunity induced by the vaccine candidate is strong enough to protect against canine leishmaniasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The prevalence of metal-based drugs as therapeutic or diagnostic agents: beyond platinum.
Declan Gaynor,Darren M. Griffith +1 more
TL;DR: The abundance and variety of non-platinum metal complexes, which are approved for use as therapeutic or diagnostic agents, are highlighted and current insights into the mechanism of action or indeed lack thereof of a selection of metallodrugs are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in leishmaniosis in pet animals: Epidemiology, diagnostics and anti-vectorial prophylaxis
TL;DR: The recent spread of Leishmania infections in non-endemic territories has been monitored by means of canine surveys, which represent a suitable approach because of the dog's role as a sentinel host, and new tools have been developed for the surveillance and control of ZVL.
Journal ArticleDOI
New Clinicoepidemiologic Profile of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Morocco
Mohamed Rhajaoui,Abedelmajeed Nasereddin,Hajiba Fellah,Kifaya Azmi,Fatima Amarir,Amer Al-Jawabreh,Suheir Ereqat,Joseph D. Planer,Ziad Abdeen +8 more
TL;DR: Distribution of Leishmania major and L. tropica in Morocco and a new focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to L. infantum are described and molecular techniques to diagnose suspected leish maniasis cases are recommended.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intracellular Protozoan Parasites of Humans: The Role of Molecular Chaperones in Development and Pathogenesis
TL;DR: A critique of the role of heat shock proteins in development and pathogenesis, especially the molecular chaperones Hsp90, Hsp70 and Hsp40 is provided.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide.
TL;DR: Increasing risk factors are making leishmaniasis a growing public health concern for many countries around the world, and some are related to a specific eco-epidemiological entity, others affect all forms of leish maniasis.
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Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
TL;DR: Despite several disadvantages, amphotericin B is the only drug available for use in these areas and should be used as first‐line drug instead of Sbv, and the new oral antileishmanial drug miltefosine is likely to be the first-line drug in future.
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Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis
TL;DR: In this paper, a prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic usefulness of non-invasive testing for antibody to the leishmanial antigen K39 by means of antigen-impregnated nitrocellulose paper strips adapted for use under field conditions.
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Effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars on incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian children: a matched-cluster randomised trial.
TL;DR: Community-wide application of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars not only protects domestic dogs from L infantum infections, but might also reduce the risk of L infantu infection in children.