Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives.
TLDR
Research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines, and the newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas.Abstract:
Leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with an important clinical and epidemiological diversity. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is of higher priority than cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as it is a fatal disease in the absence of treatment. Anthroponotic VL foci are of special concern as they are at the origin of frequent and deathly epidemics (e.g. Sudan). Leishmaniasis burden remains important: 88 countries, 350 million people at risk, 500,000 new cases of VL per year, 1-1.5 million for CL and DALYs: 2.4 millions. Most of the burden is concentrated on few countries which allows clear geographic priorities. Leishmaniasis is still an important public health problem due to not only environmental risk factors such as massive migrations, urbanisation, deforestation, new irrigation schemes, but also to individual risk factors: HIV, malnutrition, genetic, etc em leader Leishmaniasis is part of those diseases which still requires improved control tools. Consequently WHO/TDR research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines. The ongoing effort has already produced significant results. The newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas. In anthroponotic foci, the feasibility of getting a strong impact on mortality, morbidity and transmission, is high.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
Shyam Sundar,Madhukar Rai +1 more
TL;DR: A shift from monotherapy to multi-drug combinations of short courses delivered at no or affordable cost, through directly observed therapy, seems to be the only way to develop the treatment of this disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
DDT-based indoor residual spraying suboptimal for visceral leishmaniasis elimination in India.
Michael Coleman,Geraldine M. Foster,Rinki M. Deb,Rudra Pratap Singh,Hanafy M. Ismail,Pushkar Shivam,Ayan Kumar Ghosh,Sophie Dunkley,Vijay Kumar,Marlize Coleman,Janet Hemingway,Mark J. I. Paine,Pradeep Das +12 more
TL;DR: Entomological abundance and insecticide resistance data and data arising from QA of IRS to explore issues and establish an evidence base for improving the Indian VL elimination program are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Miltefosine: oral treatment of leishmaniasis.
Jaime Soto,Paula Soto +1 more
TL;DR: Miltefosine is the first effective and safe oral agent with the potential to treat all major clinical presentations of leishmaniasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antimony-resistant but not antimony-sensitive Leishmania donovani up-regulates host IL-10 to overexpress multidrug-resistant protein 1
Budhaditya Mukherjee,Rupkatha Mukhopadhyay,Bijoylaxmi Bannerjee,Sayan Mullick Chowdhury,Sandip Mukherjee,Kshudiram Naskar,Uday Sankar Allam,Dipshikha Chakravortty,Shyam Sundar,Jean-Claude Dujardin,Jean-Claude Dujardin,Syamal Roy +11 more
TL;DR: It is very likely that an IL-10 surge is a prerequisite for MDR1 up-regulation, as evident from studies with pharmacological inhibitors and promoter mapping with deletion constructs.
Journal ArticleDOI
An ethanolic extract of leaves of Piper betle (Paan) Linn mediates its antileishmanial activity via apoptosis.
TL;DR: The data indicate that PB has promising antileishmanial activity that is mediated via programmed cell death and, accordingly, merits consideration and further investigation as a therapeutic option for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide.
TL;DR: Increasing risk factors are making leishmaniasis a growing public health concern for many countries around the world, and some are related to a specific eco-epidemiological entity, others affect all forms of leish maniasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
TL;DR: Despite several disadvantages, amphotericin B is the only drug available for use in these areas and should be used as first‐line drug instead of Sbv, and the new oral antileishmanial drug miltefosine is likely to be the first-line drug in future.
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Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis
TL;DR: In this paper, a prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic usefulness of non-invasive testing for antibody to the leishmanial antigen K39 by means of antigen-impregnated nitrocellulose paper strips adapted for use under field conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars on incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian children: a matched-cluster randomised trial.
TL;DR: Community-wide application of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars not only protects domestic dogs from L infantum infections, but might also reduce the risk of L infantu infection in children.