Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives.
TLDR
Research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines, and the newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas.Abstract:
Leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with an important clinical and epidemiological diversity. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is of higher priority than cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as it is a fatal disease in the absence of treatment. Anthroponotic VL foci are of special concern as they are at the origin of frequent and deathly epidemics (e.g. Sudan). Leishmaniasis burden remains important: 88 countries, 350 million people at risk, 500,000 new cases of VL per year, 1-1.5 million for CL and DALYs: 2.4 millions. Most of the burden is concentrated on few countries which allows clear geographic priorities. Leishmaniasis is still an important public health problem due to not only environmental risk factors such as massive migrations, urbanisation, deforestation, new irrigation schemes, but also to individual risk factors: HIV, malnutrition, genetic, etc em leader Leishmaniasis is part of those diseases which still requires improved control tools. Consequently WHO/TDR research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines. The ongoing effort has already produced significant results. The newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas. In anthroponotic foci, the feasibility of getting a strong impact on mortality, morbidity and transmission, is high.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence for Leishmania (Viannia) parasites in the skin and blood of patients before and after treatment
Carolina Vergel,Ricardo Palacios,Horacio Cadena,Claudia Jimena Posso,Liliana Valderrama,Mauricio Pérez,John E. Walker,Bruno L. Travi,Nancy G. Saravia +8 more
TL;DR: The presence of Leishmania parasites in the unaffected skin and peripheral-blood monocytes of a high proportion of patients even after treatment and the acquisition of infection by sand flies support the plausibility of anthroponotic transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Foco emergente de leishmaniose visceral em Mato Grosso do Sul Emergent outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in Mato Grosso do Sul State
Ana Lúcia,Lyrio de Oliveira,Anamaria Mello,Miranda Paniago,Maria Elizabeth Cavalheiros Dorval,Elisa Teruya Oshiro,C. R. B. Leal,Marcos Sanches,Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha +8 more
TL;DR: Data suggest changes in the physiographical occurrence of visceral leishmaniasis in this locality, with expansion and urbanization of the disease, requiring greater attention for early diagnosis and treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiplex analysis of circulating cytokines in the sera of patients with different clinical forms of visceral leishmaniasis.
Katie M. Kurkjian,Aida J. Mahmutovic,Kathryn L. Kellar,Rashidul Haque,Caryn Bern,W. Evan Secor +5 more
TL;DR: Measuring multiple cytokine levels in blood samples using a multiplexed microsphere assay (MMA) may be useful to further evaluate the Th1/Th2 paradigm in humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a semi-automated colorimetric assay for screening anti-leishmanial agents.
TL;DR: The MTS assay permits a simple, reproducible and reliable semi-automated method for evaluating cell viability, effective for drug-screening and growth kinetic studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review of the current treatments for leishmaniases.
TL;DR: Data on the treatment of New World leishmaniasis in more detail is presented and some of these data strongly suggest that the differences in the outcome of the treatment are related to the Leishmania species.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide.
TL;DR: Increasing risk factors are making leishmaniasis a growing public health concern for many countries around the world, and some are related to a specific eco-epidemiological entity, others affect all forms of leish maniasis.
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Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
TL;DR: Despite several disadvantages, amphotericin B is the only drug available for use in these areas and should be used as first‐line drug instead of Sbv, and the new oral antileishmanial drug miltefosine is likely to be the first-line drug in future.
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Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis
TL;DR: In this paper, a prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic usefulness of non-invasive testing for antibody to the leishmanial antigen K39 by means of antigen-impregnated nitrocellulose paper strips adapted for use under field conditions.
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Effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars on incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian children: a matched-cluster randomised trial.
TL;DR: Community-wide application of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars not only protects domestic dogs from L infantum infections, but might also reduce the risk of L infantu infection in children.