Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives.
TLDR
Research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines, and the newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas.Abstract:
Leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with an important clinical and epidemiological diversity. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is of higher priority than cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as it is a fatal disease in the absence of treatment. Anthroponotic VL foci are of special concern as they are at the origin of frequent and deathly epidemics (e.g. Sudan). Leishmaniasis burden remains important: 88 countries, 350 million people at risk, 500,000 new cases of VL per year, 1-1.5 million for CL and DALYs: 2.4 millions. Most of the burden is concentrated on few countries which allows clear geographic priorities. Leishmaniasis is still an important public health problem due to not only environmental risk factors such as massive migrations, urbanisation, deforestation, new irrigation schemes, but also to individual risk factors: HIV, malnutrition, genetic, etc em leader Leishmaniasis is part of those diseases which still requires improved control tools. Consequently WHO/TDR research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines. The ongoing effort has already produced significant results. The newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas. In anthroponotic foci, the feasibility of getting a strong impact on mortality, morbidity and transmission, is high.read more
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Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Theo Vos,Ryan M Barber,Brad Bell,Amelia Bertozzi-Villa,Stan Biryukov,Ian Bolliger,Fiona J Charlson,Adrian Davis,Louisa Degenhardt,Daniel Dicker,Leilei Duan,Holly E. Erskine,Valery L. Feigin,Alize J. Ferrari,Christina Fitzmaurice,Thomas Fleming,Nicholas Graetz,Caterina Guinovart,Juanita A. Haagsma,Gillian M. Hansen,Sarah Wulf Hanson,Kyle R. Heuton,Hideki Higashi,Nicholas J Kassebaum,Hmwe H Kyu,Evan Laurie,Xiofeng Liang,Katherine T. Lofgren,Rafael Lozano,Michael F. MacIntyre,Maziar Moradi-Lakeh,Mohsen Naghavi,Grant Nguyen,Shaun Odell,Katrina F Ortblad,David Allen Roberts,Gregory A. Roth,Logan Sandar,Peter T. Serina,Jeffrey D. Stanaway,Caitlyn Steiner,Bernadette Thomas,Stein Emil Vollset,Harvey Whiteford,Timothy M. Wolock,Pengpeng Ye,Maigeng Zhou,Marco A Avila,Gunn Marit Aasvang,Cristiana Abbafati,Ayse Abbasoglu Ozgoren,Foad Abd-Allah,M A Aziz,Semaw Ferede Abera,Victor Aboyans,Jerry Puthenpurakal Abraham,Biju Abraham,Ibrahim Abubakar,Laith J. 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Knibbs,Ann Kristin Knudsen,Yoshihiro Kokubo,Soewarta Kosen,Alexander Krämer,Michael Kravchenko,Rita Krishnamurthi,Sanjay Krishnaswami,Barthelemy Kuate Defo,Burcu Kucuk Bicer,Ernst J. Kuipers,Veena S. Kulkarni,Kaushalendra Kumar,G Anil Kumar,Gene F. Kwan,Taavi Lai,Ratilal Lalloo,Hilton Lam,Qing Lan,Van C. Lansingh,Heidi J. Larson,Anders Larsson,Alicia Elena Beatriz Lawrynowicz,Janet L Leasher,Jongmin Lee,James Leigh,Ricky Leung,Miriam Levi,Bin Li,Yichong Li,Yongmei Li,Juan Liang,Stephen S Lim,Hsien-Ho Lin,Margaret Lind,M. Patrice Lindsay,Steven E. Lipshultz,Shiwei Liu,Belinda Lloyd,Belinda Lloyd,Summer Lockett Ohno,Giancarlo Logroscino,Katharine J Looker,Alan D. Lopez,Alan D. Lopez,Nancy López-Olmedo,Joannie Lortet-Tieulent,Paulo A. Lotufo,Nicola Low,Robyn M. Lucas,Raimundas Lunevicius,Ronan A Lyons,Jixiang Ma,Stefan Ma,Mark T Mackay,Marek Majdan,Reza Malekzadeh,Christopher C. Mapoma,Wagner Marcenes,Lyn March,Christopher Margono,Guy B. Marks,Melvin Barrientos Marzan,Joseph R. 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Shepard,Peilin Shi,Peilin Shi,Kenji Shibuya,Yukito Shinohara,Rahman Shiri,Kawkab Shishani,Ivy Shiue,Mark G. Shrime,Inga Dora Sigfusdottir,Donald H. Silberberg,Edgar P. Simard,Shireen Sindi,Jasvinder A. Singh,Lavanya Singh,Vegard Skirbekk,Karen Sliwa,Michael Soljak,Samir Soneji,Sergey Soshnikov,Peter Speyer,Luciano A. Sposato,Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy,Heidi Stoeckl,Vasiliki Stathopoulou,Nadine Steckling,Murray B. Stein,Dan J. Stein,Timothy J. Steiner,A W Stewart,Eden Stork,Lars Jacob Stovner,Konstantinos Stroumpoulis,Lela Sturua,Bruno F. Sunguya,Mamta Swaroop,Bryan L. Sykes,Karen M. Tabb,Ken Takahashi,Feng Tan,Nikhil Tandon,David Tanne,Marcel Tanner,Mohammad Tavakkoli,Hugh R. Taylor,Braden Te Ao,Awoke Misganaw Temesgen,Margreet ten Have,Eric Y. Tenkorang,Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi,Alice Theadom,Elissa Thomas,Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman,Amanda G. Thrift,Imad M. Tleyjeh,Marcello Tonelli,Fotis Topouzis,Jeffrey A. Towbin,Hideaki Toyoshima,Jefferson Traebert,Bach Xuan Tran,Leonardo Trasande,Matias Trillini,Thomas Truelsen,Ulises Trujillo,Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris,Emin Murat Tuzcu,Kingsley N. Ukwaja,Eduardo A. Undurraga,Selen Begüm Uzun,Wim H. van Brakel,Steven van de Vijver,Rita Van Dingenen,Coen H. Van Gool,Yuri Y Varakin,Tommi Vasankari,Monica S. Vavilala,Lennert J. Veerman,Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Lakshmi Vijayakumar,Salvador Villalpando,Francesco Saverio Violante,Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov,Stephen G. Waller,Mitchell T. Wallin,Mitchell T. Wallin,Xia Wan,Linhong Wang,JianLi Wang,Yanping Wang,Tati S. Warouw,Scott Weichenthal,Elisabete Weiderpass,Robert G. Weintraub,Robert G. Weintraub,Andrea Werdecker,K. Ryan Wessells,Ronny Westerman,James D. Wilkinson,Hywel C Williams,Thomas N. Williams,Solomon Meseret Woldeyohannes,Charles D.A. Wolfe,John Q. Wong,Haidong Wong,Anthony D. Woolf,Jonathan L. Wright,Brittany Wurtz,Gelin Xu,Gonghuan Yang,Yuichiro Yano,Muluken Azage Yenesew,Gokalp K. Yentur,Paul S. F. Yip,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok Jun Yoon,Mustafa Z. Younis,Chuanhua Yu,Kim Yun Kim,Maysaa El Sayed Zaki,Yong Zhang,Zheng Zhao,Yong Zhao,Jun Zhu,David Zonies,Joseph R. Zunt,Joshua A. Salomon,Christopher J L Murray +689 more
TL;DR: In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) as mentioned in this paper, the authors estimated the quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis Worldwide and Global Estimates of Its Incidence
Jorge Alvar,Iván D. Vélez,Iván D. Vélez,Caryn Bern,Mercè Herrero,Philippe Desjeux,Jorge Cano,Jean Jannin,Margriet den Boer +8 more
TL;DR: Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence ranges were estimated by country and epidemiological region based on reported incidence, underreporting rates if available, and the judgment of national and international experts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Advances in leishmaniasis.
TL;DR: Governed by parasite and host factors and immunoinflammatory responses, the clinical spectrum of leishmaniasis encompasses subclinical (inapparent), localised (skin lesions), and disseminated infection (cutaneous, mucosal, or visceral).
DatasetDOI
Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
TL;DR: The most recent version of the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections (OI) in HIV-infected adults and adolescents was published in 2002 and 2004, respectively as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Visceral leishmaniasis: what are the needs for diagnosis, treatment and control?
François Chappuis,François Chappuis,Shyam Sundar,Asrat Hailu,H. W. Ghalib,Suman Rijal,Rosanna W. Peeling,Jorge Alvar,Marleen Boelaert +8 more
TL;DR: Millefosine, paromomycin and liposomal amphotericin B are gradually replacing pentavalent antimonials and conventional amphoteric in B as the preferred treatments in some regions, but in other areas these drugs are still being evaluated in both mono- and combination therapies.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Malnutrition as a Risk Factor for Severe Visceral Leishmaniasis
TL;DR: On a observe une frequence inhabituellement elevee de la malnutrution grave avant l'infection chez les enfants presentant la forme classique vers sa forme le plus grave.
Journal ArticleDOI
Latex agglutination test for the detection of urinary antigens in visceral leishmaniasis
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TL;DR: Compared to microscopy, KATEX performed better than any single serological test in predicting positivity and a particularly good result was obtained by combining KATEx and the direct agglutination test (DAT).
Journal ArticleDOI
Factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in Nepal: bed-net use is strongly protective.
Caryn Bern,Anand Y. Joshi,Shambhu Nath Jha,Murari Lal Das,Allen W. Hightower,Garib Das Thakur,Mahendra Bahadur Bista +6 more
TL;DR: A program to increase bed-net usage could therefore decrease the incidence of VL in Nepal and reduce the risk of death from visceral leishmaniasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemic Visceral Leishmaniasis in Southern Sudan: Treatment of Severely Debilitated Patients under Wartime Conditions and with Limited Resources
TL;DR: Southern Sudan is experiencing an epidemic of the classic visceral leishmaniasis syndrome, which is manifested by fever, cachexia, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia, and it is typically fatal if not appropriately treated.