Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives.
TLDR
Research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines, and the newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas.Abstract:
Leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with an important clinical and epidemiological diversity. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is of higher priority than cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as it is a fatal disease in the absence of treatment. Anthroponotic VL foci are of special concern as they are at the origin of frequent and deathly epidemics (e.g. Sudan). Leishmaniasis burden remains important: 88 countries, 350 million people at risk, 500,000 new cases of VL per year, 1-1.5 million for CL and DALYs: 2.4 millions. Most of the burden is concentrated on few countries which allows clear geographic priorities. Leishmaniasis is still an important public health problem due to not only environmental risk factors such as massive migrations, urbanisation, deforestation, new irrigation schemes, but also to individual risk factors: HIV, malnutrition, genetic, etc em leader Leishmaniasis is part of those diseases which still requires improved control tools. Consequently WHO/TDR research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines. The ongoing effort has already produced significant results. The newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas. In anthroponotic foci, the feasibility of getting a strong impact on mortality, morbidity and transmission, is high.read more
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Increased tau phosphorylation and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (rage) in the brain of mice infected with leishmania amazonensis
Juciano Gasparotto,Mario Roberto Senger,Alice Kunzler,Adriana Degrossoli,Salvatore Giovanni De Simone,Rafael Calixto Bortolin,Nauana Somensi,Carolina Saibro Girardi,Celeste da Silva Freitas de Souza,Kátia da Silva Calabrese,Felipe Dal-Pizzol,José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira,Floriano Paes Silva-Jr,Daniel Pens Gelain +13 more
TL;DR: Data indicate an association between impaired redox state, tau phosphorylation and RAGE up-regulation in the brain cortex of animals infected with L. amazonensis, the first demonstration of alterations in biochemical parameters of neurodegeneration in an experimental model of Leishmania infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Feasibility of a combined camp approach for vector control together with active case detection of visceral leishmaniasis, post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis, tuberculosis, leprosy and malaria in Bangladesh, India and Nepal: an exploratory study.
Megha Raj Banjara,Axel Kroeger,M. Mamun Huda,Vijay Kumar,Chitra Kumar Gurung,Murari Lal Das,Suman Rijal,Pradeep Das,Dinesh Mondal +8 more
TL;DR: It is feasible to combine ACD camps for VL and PKDL along with other febrile diseases, and vector control with bednet impregnation, and the additional costs for the control programmes seem to be reasonable.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of conventional methods for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in children of the Center-West Region of Brazil
Yvone Maia Brustoloni,Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha,Maria Elizabeth Cavalheiros Dorval,Elisa Teruya Oshiro,Elenir Rose Jardim Cury Pontes,Ana Lúcia Lyrio de Oliveira,Lilian Hillebrand,Luis Felipe Ribeiro +7 more
TL;DR: The highest sensitivity in laboratory diagnosis among the cases investigated was that obtained with a combination of BMA direct examination and IFAT, nearing 100%, and training professionals in basic techniques should be increased.
Journal ArticleDOI
Real-time PCR in clinical practice: a powerful tool for evaluating Leishmania chagasi loads in naturally infected dogs.
R N da Silva,António Amorim,Rafael Melo Santos de Serpa Brandão,H. M. de Andrade,M Yokoo,Marcelo Lima Ribeiro,Waldemar Bartchewsky,A Socorro-Silva,J A F de Castro,S. J. H. do Monte +9 more
TL;DR: PCR based on SYBR Green may be an appropriate and inexpensive alternative to PCR based on TaqMan, and a reliable clinical tool for quantifying parasite loads in dogs infected with L. chagasi.
Journal ArticleDOI
In Vitro Anti-Leishmanial Effect of Metallic Meso-Substituted Porphyrin Derivatives against Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania panamensis Promastigotes Properties
Fabián Espitia-Almeida,Carlos Diaz-Uribe,William Vallejo,Doris Gómez-Camargo,Arnold R. Romero Bohórquez +4 more
TL;DR: A family of porphyrins based on 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-ethylphenyl)porphyrin and six metallo-derivatives were tested as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy against Leishmania braziliensis and panamensis and showed both the highest ΦΔ (0.90) and the best photodynamic activity against the parasites studied.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide.
TL;DR: Increasing risk factors are making leishmaniasis a growing public health concern for many countries around the world, and some are related to a specific eco-epidemiological entity, others affect all forms of leish maniasis.
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Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
TL;DR: Despite several disadvantages, amphotericin B is the only drug available for use in these areas and should be used as first‐line drug instead of Sbv, and the new oral antileishmanial drug miltefosine is likely to be the first-line drug in future.
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Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis
TL;DR: In this paper, a prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic usefulness of non-invasive testing for antibody to the leishmanial antigen K39 by means of antigen-impregnated nitrocellulose paper strips adapted for use under field conditions.
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Effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars on incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian children: a matched-cluster randomised trial.
TL;DR: Community-wide application of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars not only protects domestic dogs from L infantum infections, but might also reduce the risk of L infantu infection in children.