Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives.
TLDR
Research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines, and the newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas.Abstract:
Leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with an important clinical and epidemiological diversity. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is of higher priority than cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as it is a fatal disease in the absence of treatment. Anthroponotic VL foci are of special concern as they are at the origin of frequent and deathly epidemics (e.g. Sudan). Leishmaniasis burden remains important: 88 countries, 350 million people at risk, 500,000 new cases of VL per year, 1-1.5 million for CL and DALYs: 2.4 millions. Most of the burden is concentrated on few countries which allows clear geographic priorities. Leishmaniasis is still an important public health problem due to not only environmental risk factors such as massive migrations, urbanisation, deforestation, new irrigation schemes, but also to individual risk factors: HIV, malnutrition, genetic, etc em leader Leishmaniasis is part of those diseases which still requires improved control tools. Consequently WHO/TDR research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines. The ongoing effort has already produced significant results. The newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas. In anthroponotic foci, the feasibility of getting a strong impact on mortality, morbidity and transmission, is high.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of Clinical Status and Parasite Load on Erythropoiesis and Leucopoiesis in Dogs Naturally Infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi
Raquel Trópia de Abreu,Maria das Graças Carvalho,Cláudia Martins Carneiro,Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti,Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti,Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho,Olindo Assis Martins-Filho,Wendel Coura-Vital,Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira,Alexandre Barbosa Reis,Alexandre Barbosa Reis +10 more
TL;DR: Analysis of the data obtained indicated that the assessment of bone marrow constitutes an additional and useful tool by which to elaborate a prognosis for CVL.
Journal ArticleDOI
Situação epidemiológica da leishmaniose visceral, na Ilha de São Luís, Estado do Maranhão
Antonio Rafael da Silva,Pedro Luiz Tauil,Maria Neuza Cavalcante,Maria Nilza Lima Medeiros,Benedito Pires,Eloísa da Graça do Rosário Gonçalves +5 more
TL;DR: The results from a field study on autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis on the island of Sao Luis are presented and the authors propose the creation of a specific program to be developed by the municipalities under the coordination of the State Department of Health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of miltefosine to treat canine visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in Brazil
Fábio dos Santos Nogueira,Valdir Carlos Avino,Fredy Galvis-Ovallos,Vera Lucia Pereira-Chioccola,Marcio Antonio Batistella Moreira,Ana Paula Peres Lopes Romariz,Leticia M. Molla,Ingrid Menz +7 more
TL;DR: This study indicates that the use of miltefosine administered orally for 4 weeks contributes to a clinical improvement and reduction in infectivity of dogs to L. infantum.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inhibition of in vivo leishmanicidal mechanisms by tempol: nitric oxide down-regulation and oxidant scavenging.
TL;DR: The results indicate that tempol worsened L. amazonensis infection by a dual mechanism involving down-regulation of iNOS expression and scavenging of nitric oxide-derived oxidants, suggesting the development of therapeutic strategies based on nitroxides should take into account the potential risk of altering host resistance to parasite infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana: revising epidemiology with PCR-RFLP
Stéphane Simon,Mathieu Nacher,Bernard Carme,Célia Basurko,Amaury Roger,Antoine Adenis,Marine Ginouves,Magalie Demar,Pierre Couppié +8 more
TL;DR: The use of molecular tools has transformed the view of the local epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana with the development of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide.
TL;DR: Increasing risk factors are making leishmaniasis a growing public health concern for many countries around the world, and some are related to a specific eco-epidemiological entity, others affect all forms of leish maniasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
TL;DR: Despite several disadvantages, amphotericin B is the only drug available for use in these areas and should be used as first‐line drug instead of Sbv, and the new oral antileishmanial drug miltefosine is likely to be the first-line drug in future.
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Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis
TL;DR: In this paper, a prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic usefulness of non-invasive testing for antibody to the leishmanial antigen K39 by means of antigen-impregnated nitrocellulose paper strips adapted for use under field conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars on incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian children: a matched-cluster randomised trial.
TL;DR: Community-wide application of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars not only protects domestic dogs from L infantum infections, but might also reduce the risk of L infantu infection in children.