Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives.
TLDR
Research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines, and the newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas.Abstract:
Leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with an important clinical and epidemiological diversity. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is of higher priority than cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as it is a fatal disease in the absence of treatment. Anthroponotic VL foci are of special concern as they are at the origin of frequent and deathly epidemics (e.g. Sudan). Leishmaniasis burden remains important: 88 countries, 350 million people at risk, 500,000 new cases of VL per year, 1-1.5 million for CL and DALYs: 2.4 millions. Most of the burden is concentrated on few countries which allows clear geographic priorities. Leishmaniasis is still an important public health problem due to not only environmental risk factors such as massive migrations, urbanisation, deforestation, new irrigation schemes, but also to individual risk factors: HIV, malnutrition, genetic, etc em leader Leishmaniasis is part of those diseases which still requires improved control tools. Consequently WHO/TDR research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines. The ongoing effort has already produced significant results. The newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas. In anthroponotic foci, the feasibility of getting a strong impact on mortality, morbidity and transmission, is high.read more
Citations
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Development of a modified MTT assay for screening antimonial resistant field isolates of Indian visceral leishmaniasis
TL;DR: The semi-automated MTT colorimetric assay has been optimised wherein the absorbance linearity was maintained for cells ranging from 1x10(4) to 1x 10(7) being 0.04+/-0.04, and effectively applied to study growth kinetics and identification of antimonial resistant field isolates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmania amazonensis Promastigotes Present Two Distinct Modes of Nucleus and Kinetoplast Segregation during Cell Cycle
Marcelo Santos da Silva,J. P. Monteiro,Vinícius Santana Nunes,Elton J R Vasconcelos,Arina Marina Perez,Lúcio de Holanda Freitas-Júnior,Maria Carolina Elias,Maria Isabel Nogueira Cano +7 more
TL;DR: The data show that during the cell cycle of L. amazonensis promastigotes, similarly to L. donovani, the segregation of nucleus and kinetoplast do not follow a specific order, especially when compared to other trypanosomatids, reinforcing the idea that this characteristic seems to be species-specific and may represent differences in cellular biology among members of the Leishmania genus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic Leishmania donovani infections in high-endemic foci in India and Nepal: a prospective study
Bart Ostyn,Kamlesh Gidwani,Basudha Khanal,Albert Picado,Albert Picado,François Chappuis,Shri Prakash Singh,Suman Rijal,Shyam Sundar,Marleen Boelaert +9 more
TL;DR: Investigation of Leishmania donovani infection in VL high-endemic foci in India and Nepal is nine times more frequent than incident VL disease, and about 1 in 50 new but latent infections led to VL within the next 18 months.
Journal ArticleDOI
Green Synthesis of Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Euphorbia prostrata Extract Shows Shift from Apoptosis to G0/G1 Arrest followed by Necrotic Cell Death in Leishmania donovani
Abdul Abduz Zahir,Indira Singh Chauhan,Asokan Bagavan,Chinnaperumal Kamaraj,Gandhi Elango,Jai Shankar,Nidhi Arjaria,Selvaraj Mohana Roopan,Abdul Abdul Rahuman,Neeloo Singh +9 more
TL;DR: The green-synthesized Ag NPs may provide promising leads for the development of cost-effective and safer alternative treatment against visceral leishmaniasis and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of induced cell death.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of Brazilian copaiba oils on Leishmania amazonensis.
Adriana Oliveira dos Santos,Tânia Ueda-Nakamura,Benedito Prado Dias Filho,Benedito Prado Dias Filho,Valdir Florêncio da Veiga Junior,Valdir Florêncio da Veiga Junior,Angelo C. Pinto,Celso Vataru Nakamura,Celso Vataru Nakamura +8 more
TL;DR: Cytotoxicity assay showed that this copaiba oil obtained from Copaifera reticulata showed low cytotoxicity against J774G8 macrophages, indicating significant activity against the parasite Leishmania amazonensis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide.
TL;DR: Increasing risk factors are making leishmaniasis a growing public health concern for many countries around the world, and some are related to a specific eco-epidemiological entity, others affect all forms of leish maniasis.
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Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
TL;DR: Despite several disadvantages, amphotericin B is the only drug available for use in these areas and should be used as first‐line drug instead of Sbv, and the new oral antileishmanial drug miltefosine is likely to be the first-line drug in future.
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Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis
TL;DR: In this paper, a prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic usefulness of non-invasive testing for antibody to the leishmanial antigen K39 by means of antigen-impregnated nitrocellulose paper strips adapted for use under field conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars on incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian children: a matched-cluster randomised trial.
TL;DR: Community-wide application of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars not only protects domestic dogs from L infantum infections, but might also reduce the risk of L infantu infection in children.