Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives.
TLDR
Research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines, and the newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas.Abstract:
Leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with an important clinical and epidemiological diversity. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is of higher priority than cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as it is a fatal disease in the absence of treatment. Anthroponotic VL foci are of special concern as they are at the origin of frequent and deathly epidemics (e.g. Sudan). Leishmaniasis burden remains important: 88 countries, 350 million people at risk, 500,000 new cases of VL per year, 1-1.5 million for CL and DALYs: 2.4 millions. Most of the burden is concentrated on few countries which allows clear geographic priorities. Leishmaniasis is still an important public health problem due to not only environmental risk factors such as massive migrations, urbanisation, deforestation, new irrigation schemes, but also to individual risk factors: HIV, malnutrition, genetic, etc em leader Leishmaniasis is part of those diseases which still requires improved control tools. Consequently WHO/TDR research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines. The ongoing effort has already produced significant results. The newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas. In anthroponotic foci, the feasibility of getting a strong impact on mortality, morbidity and transmission, is high.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Improved Canine and Human Visceral Leishmaniasis Immunodiagnosis Using Combinations of Synthetic Peptides in Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Miriam Maria Silva Costa,Marcos L.O. Penido,Mariana Silva dos Santos,Daniel Doro,Eloísa de Freitas,Marilene Susan Marques Michalick,Gabriel Grimaldi,Ricardo T. Gazzinelli,Ricardo T. Gazzinelli,Ricardo T. Gazzinelli,Ana Paula Fernandes +10 more
TL;DR: Improved sensitivities and specificities were observed even for canine sera presenting low IFAT anti-Leishmania antibody titers or from asymptomatic animals, suggesting the use of B cell predicted synthetic peptides derived from antigens A2, NH, LACK and K39 may provide an alternative for improved sensitivities for immunodiagnostic assays of VL.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis recidivans among school children in Bam, South-east Iran, 1994-2006.
Iraj Sharifi,Alireza Fekri,Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian,Ali Khamesipour,Fereidoun Mahboudi,Yahya Dowlati,Abolhassan Nadim,Farrokh Modabber,Farrokh Modabber +8 more
TL;DR: This study highlights the importance of knowing the carrier and removal status of canine coronavirus, as a source of infection for other animals, not necessarily belonging to the same breeds.
Journal ArticleDOI
Organization and evolution of two SIDER retroposon subfamilies and their impact on the Leishmania genome
TL;DR: Although SIDER1s and SIDER2s display equivalent genomic distribution globally, the varying degrees of sequence conservation, preferential genomic disposition, and differential association to orthologous genes allude to an intricate web of SIDER assimilation in these parasitic organisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gene drives gaining speed
TL;DR: The authors summarizes the progress in this field, focusing on optimal design features for full-drive elements that either suppress target mosquito populations or modify them to prevent pathogen transmission, allelic drives for updating genetic elements, mitigating strategies including trans-complementing split-drives and genetic neutralizing elements, and the adaptation of drive technology to other organisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
An overview of a diagnostic and epidemiologic reappraisal of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran
TL;DR: Clinical manifestations and an appropriate diagnostic assay with a parallel molecular characterization of CL may lead to a screening evaluation of disease, prognosis, treatment and control strategies.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide.
TL;DR: Increasing risk factors are making leishmaniasis a growing public health concern for many countries around the world, and some are related to a specific eco-epidemiological entity, others affect all forms of leish maniasis.
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Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
TL;DR: Despite several disadvantages, amphotericin B is the only drug available for use in these areas and should be used as first‐line drug instead of Sbv, and the new oral antileishmanial drug miltefosine is likely to be the first-line drug in future.
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Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis
TL;DR: In this paper, a prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic usefulness of non-invasive testing for antibody to the leishmanial antigen K39 by means of antigen-impregnated nitrocellulose paper strips adapted for use under field conditions.
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Effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars on incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian children: a matched-cluster randomised trial.
TL;DR: Community-wide application of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars not only protects domestic dogs from L infantum infections, but might also reduce the risk of L infantu infection in children.