Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives.
TLDR
Research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines, and the newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas.Abstract:
Leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with an important clinical and epidemiological diversity. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is of higher priority than cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as it is a fatal disease in the absence of treatment. Anthroponotic VL foci are of special concern as they are at the origin of frequent and deathly epidemics (e.g. Sudan). Leishmaniasis burden remains important: 88 countries, 350 million people at risk, 500,000 new cases of VL per year, 1-1.5 million for CL and DALYs: 2.4 millions. Most of the burden is concentrated on few countries which allows clear geographic priorities. Leishmaniasis is still an important public health problem due to not only environmental risk factors such as massive migrations, urbanisation, deforestation, new irrigation schemes, but also to individual risk factors: HIV, malnutrition, genetic, etc em leader Leishmaniasis is part of those diseases which still requires improved control tools. Consequently WHO/TDR research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines. The ongoing effort has already produced significant results. The newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas. In anthroponotic foci, the feasibility of getting a strong impact on mortality, morbidity and transmission, is high.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical pleiomorphism in human leishmaniases, with special mention of asymptomatic infection.
TL;DR: The role of the too often neglected asymptomatic carrier compartment could be key to understanding infraspecific differences in virulence and pathogenicity of the parasite, as well as identifying the genetic determinants involved in the expression of the disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of New Diagnostic Tools for Management of Pediatric Mediterranean Visceral Leishmaniasis
Israel Cruz,Carmen Chicharro,Javier Nieto,Begofia Bailo,Carmen Cañavate,Maria-Concepcion Figueras,Jorge Alvar +6 more
TL;DR: Results obtained suggest that antibody detection techniques, the antigen detection in urine (KAtex kit), and Leishmania nested PCR analysis of the blood could be used for diagnosis of the first clinical episode of pediatric visceral leishmaniasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
A postgenomic view of the heat shock proteins in kinetoplastids
TL;DR: In particular, kinetoplastids possess an unprecedented number of members of the HSP70, HSP60 and HSP40 families, suggesting key roles for these HSPs in their biology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dog culling and replacement in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.
Cáris Maroni Nunes,Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima,Henrique Borges de Paula,Silvia Helena Venturoli Perri,Andréa Maria Andrade,Francisca Elda Ferreira Dias,Marcelo Nascimento Burattini +6 more
TL;DR: In the studied CVL endemic area of Brazil, euthanasia and the subsequent replacement ratio were high, increasing the dog population turnover and leading to a younger population that might be more susceptible to a variety of other infectious diseases in addition to CVL.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leukotrienes are essential for the control of Leishmania amazonensis infection and contribute to strain variation in susceptibility.
Carlos H. Serezani,Carlos H. Serezani,Joao H. Perrela,Momtchilo Russo,Marc Peters-Golden,Sonia Jancar +5 more
TL;DR: Results for the first time reveal an important role for LTB4 in the protective response to L. amazonensis, identify relevant leishmanicidal mechanisms, and suggest that genetic variation in L TB4 synthesis might influence resistance and susceptibility patterns to infection.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide.
TL;DR: Increasing risk factors are making leishmaniasis a growing public health concern for many countries around the world, and some are related to a specific eco-epidemiological entity, others affect all forms of leish maniasis.
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Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
TL;DR: Despite several disadvantages, amphotericin B is the only drug available for use in these areas and should be used as first‐line drug instead of Sbv, and the new oral antileishmanial drug miltefosine is likely to be the first-line drug in future.
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Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis
TL;DR: In this paper, a prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic usefulness of non-invasive testing for antibody to the leishmanial antigen K39 by means of antigen-impregnated nitrocellulose paper strips adapted for use under field conditions.
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Effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars on incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian children: a matched-cluster randomised trial.
TL;DR: Community-wide application of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars not only protects domestic dogs from L infantum infections, but might also reduce the risk of L infantu infection in children.