Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis: current situation and new perspectives.
TLDR
Research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines, and the newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas.Abstract:
Leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with an important clinical and epidemiological diversity. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is of higher priority than cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as it is a fatal disease in the absence of treatment. Anthroponotic VL foci are of special concern as they are at the origin of frequent and deathly epidemics (e.g. Sudan). Leishmaniasis burden remains important: 88 countries, 350 million people at risk, 500,000 new cases of VL per year, 1-1.5 million for CL and DALYs: 2.4 millions. Most of the burden is concentrated on few countries which allows clear geographic priorities. Leishmaniasis is still an important public health problem due to not only environmental risk factors such as massive migrations, urbanisation, deforestation, new irrigation schemes, but also to individual risk factors: HIV, malnutrition, genetic, etc em leader Leishmaniasis is part of those diseases which still requires improved control tools. Consequently WHO/TDR research for leishmaniasis has been more and more focusing on the development of new tools such as diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines. The ongoing effort has already produced significant results. The newly available control tools should allow a scaling up of control activities in priority areas. In anthroponotic foci, the feasibility of getting a strong impact on mortality, morbidity and transmission, is high.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular epidemiology of Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in French Guiana.
Brice Rotureau,Christophe Ravel,Mathieu Nacher,Pierre Couppié,Isabelle Curtet,Jean-Pierre Dedet,Bernard Carme +6 more
TL;DR: The present analysis resulted in a significant degree of discrimination among L. (V.) guyanensis isolates from diverse ecological areas and with different clinical implications, which was previously said not to be very polymorphic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interest in paromomycin for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar).
TL;DR: Parmomycin is a relatively new antibiotic drug that has been used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis for several years and this article reviews and discusses the use of paromomycin for visceral leishingmaniasis therapy.
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Serological markers of sand fly exposure to evaluate insecticidal nets against visceral leishmaniasis in India and Nepal: a cluster-randomized trial
Kamlesh Gidwani,Albert Picado,Suman Rijal,Shri Prakash Singh,Lalita Roy,Vera Volfova,Elisabeth Wreford Andersen,Surendra Uranw,Bart Ostyn,Medhavi Sudarshan,Jaya Chakravarty,Petr Volf,Shyam Sundar,Marleen Boelaert,Matthew E. Rogers +14 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that LNs have a limited effect on sand fly exposure in VL endemic communities in India and Nepal and supports the use of sand fly saliva antibodies as a marker to evaluate vector control interventions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of PCR procedures for detecting and quantifying Leishmania donovani DNA in large numbers of dried human blood samples from a visceral leishmaniasis focus in Northern Ethiopia
Ibrahim Abbasi,Samar Aramin,Asrat Hailu,Welelta Shiferaw,Aysheshm Kassahun,Shewaye Belay,Charles L. Jaffe,Alon Warburg +7 more
TL;DR: Although qRT-kDNA PCR is a highly sensitive test, the dependability of low positives remains questionable and it is crucial to correlate between PCR parasitemia and infectivity to sand flies.
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Leishmania infantum versus Leishmania chagasi: do not forget the law of priority
TL;DR: In their review, they have discussed with property the taxonomic position and origin of the causal agent of the disease, however, I would like to add some comments on this issue, especially in relation to the no-menclature of the parasite.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The increase in risk factors for leishmaniasis worldwide.
TL;DR: Increasing risk factors are making leishmaniasis a growing public health concern for many countries around the world, and some are related to a specific eco-epidemiological entity, others affect all forms of leish maniasis.
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Drug resistance in Indian visceral leishmaniasis.
TL;DR: Despite several disadvantages, amphotericin B is the only drug available for use in these areas and should be used as first‐line drug instead of Sbv, and the new oral antileishmanial drug miltefosine is likely to be the first-line drug in future.
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Rapid accurate field diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis
TL;DR: In this paper, a prospective study was conducted to assess the diagnostic usefulness of non-invasive testing for antibody to the leishmanial antigen K39 by means of antigen-impregnated nitrocellulose paper strips adapted for use under field conditions.
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Effect of insecticide-impregnated dog collars on incidence of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iranian children: a matched-cluster randomised trial.
TL;DR: Community-wide application of deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars not only protects domestic dogs from L infantum infections, but might also reduce the risk of L infantu infection in children.