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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Multiplex PCR method for MinION and Illumina sequencing of Zika and other virus genomes directly from clinical samples

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TLDR
A protocol for generating coding-sequence-complete genomes, comprising an online primer design tool, a novel multiplex PCR enrichment protocol, optimized library preparation methods for the portable MinION sequencer and the Illumina range of instruments, and a bioinformatics pipeline for generating consensus sequences.
Abstract
Genome sequencing has become a powerful tool for studying emerging infectious diseases; however, genome sequencing directly from clinical samples (ie, without isolation and culture) remains challenging for viruses such as Zika, for which metagenomic sequencing methods may generate insufficient numbers of viral reads Here we present a protocol for generating coding-sequence-complete genomes, comprising an online primer design tool, a novel multiplex PCR enrichment protocol, optimized library preparation methods for the portable MinION sequencer (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) and the Illumina range of instruments, and a bioinformatics pipeline for generating consensus sequences The MinION protocol does not require an Internet connection for analysis, making it suitable for field applications with limited connectivity Our method relies on multiplex PCR for targeted enrichment of viral genomes from samples containing as few as 50 genome copies per reaction Viral consensus sequences can be achieved in 1-2 d by starting with clinical samples and following a simple laboratory workflow This method has been successfully used by several groups studying Zika virus evolution and is facilitating an understanding of the spread of the virus in the Americas The protocol can be used to sequence other viral genomes using the online Primal Scheme primer designer software It is suitable for sequencing either RNA or DNA viruses in the field during outbreaks or as an inexpensive, convenient method for use in the lab

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Citations
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SPAdes, a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing ( 7th Annual SFAF Meeting, 2012)

Glenn Tesler
TL;DR: SPAdes as mentioned in this paper is a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data).

Integrative Genomics Viewer

TL;DR: The sheer volume and scope of data posed by this flood of data pose a significant challenge to the development of efficient and intuitive visualization tools able to scale to very large data sets and to flexibly integrate multiple data types, including clinical data.
Journal ArticleDOI

Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19.

TL;DR: Clinical data from 326 cases suggest that T cell depletion and cytokine bursts are associated with a worse prognosis, and genomic sequences from 112 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 virus showed two clades with similar virulence and clinical outcome.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools

TL;DR: SAMtools as discussed by the authors implements various utilities for post-processing alignments in the SAM format, such as indexing, variant caller and alignment viewer, and thus provides universal tools for processing read alignments.
Journal ArticleDOI

Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data

TL;DR: Timmomatic is developed as a more flexible and efficient preprocessing tool, which could correctly handle paired-end data and is shown to produce output that is at least competitive with, and in many cases superior to, that produced by other tools, in all scenarios tested.
Book ChapterDOI

Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers.

TL;DR: This chapter assumes acquaintance with the principles and practice of PCR, as outlined in, for example, refs.
Journal ArticleDOI

Integrative genomics viewer

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an approach for efficient and intuitive visualization tools able to scale to very large data sets and to flexibly integrate multiple data types, including clinical data.
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