Book ChapterDOI
Observations in the Ocean
Bert Rudels,Bert Rudels,Leif G. Anderson,Patrick B. Eriksson,Eberhard Fahrbach,Martin Jakobsson,E. Peter Jones,Humfrey Melling,Simon Prinsenberg,Ursula Schauer,Tom Yao +10 more
- pp 117-198
TLDR
In this paper, an overview of the exploratory work done in the Arctic Ocean from the mid nineteenth century to 1980, when its main features became known and a systematic study of the Arctic ocean evolved is presented.Abstract:
The chapter begins with an overview of the exploratory work done in the Arctic Ocean from the mid nineteenth century to 1980, when its main features became known and a systematic study of the Arctic Ocean evolved. The following section concentrates on the decade between 1980 and 1990, when the first scientific icebreaker expeditions penetrated into the Arctic Ocean, when large international programme were launched, and the understanding of the circulation and of the processes active in the Arctic Ocean deepened. The main third section deals with the studies and the advances made during the ACSYS decade. The section has three headings: the circulation and the transformation of water masses; the changes that have been observed in the Arctic Ocean, especially during the last decades; and the transports between the Arctic Ocean and the surrounding world ocean through the different passages, Fram Strait, Barents Sea, Bering Strait and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In section four, the Arctic Ocean is considered as a part of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea, and the impacts of possible climatic changes on the circulation in the Arctic Mediterranean and on the exchanges with the world ocean are discussed.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Responses of Marine Organisms to Climate Change across Oceans
Elvira S. Poloczanska,Elvira S. Poloczanska,Michael T. Burrows,Christopher J. Brown,Jorge García Molinos,Jorge García Molinos,Jorge García Molinos,Benjamin S. Halpern,Benjamin S. Halpern,Ove Hoegh-Guldberg,Carrie V. Kappel,Pippa J. Moore,Pippa J. Moore,Anthony J. Richardson,Anthony J. Richardson,David S. Schoeman,William J. Sydeman +16 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review evidence for the responses of marine life to recent climate change across ocean regions, from tropical seas to polar oceans, and find that general trends in species responses are consistent with expectations from climate change, including poleward and deeper distributional shifts, advances in spring phenology, declines in calcification and increases in the abundance of warm water species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extreme weather and climate events with ecological relevance: a review.
TL;DR: Improved spatial resolution in global climate models and advances in statistical and dynamical downscaling now provide climatic information at appropriate spatial and temporal scales, which makes it possible to develop a mechanistic understanding of how ECEs affect biological processes, ecosystem functioning and adaptation capabilities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System: Sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans
Edward C. Carmack,Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai,Thomas W. N. Haine,Sheldon Bacon,Bodil A. Bluhm,Camille Lique,Camille Lique,Humfrey Melling,Igor V. Polyakov,Fiamma Straneo,Mary-Louise Timmermans,William J. Williams +11 more
TL;DR: The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the ocean's thermohaline circulation as discussed by the authors, and its key functions and processes include the delivery of fresh and low-salinity waters to the Arctic Ocean by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation during the freeze/thaw cycle, and Pacific Ocean inflows.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing recent trends in high-latitude Southern Hemisphere surface climate
Julie M. Jones,Sarah T. Gille,Hugues Goosse,Nerilie J. Abram,Pablo O. Canziani,Dan J. Charman,Kyle R. Clem,Xavier Crosta,Casimir de Lavergne,Ian Eisenman,Matthew H. England,Ryan L. Fogt,Leela M. Frankcombe,Gareth J. Marshall,Valérie Masson-Delmotte,Adele K. Morrison,Anais Orsi,Marilyn N. Raphael,James A. Renwick,David P. Schneider,Graham Simpkins,Eric J. Steig,Barbara Stenni,Didier Swingedouw,Tessa Vance +24 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyse recent atmosphere, surface ocean and sea-ice observations in this region and assess their trends in the context of palaeoclimate records and climate model simulations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Trends in Marine Plankton Diversity across Kingdoms of Life.
Federico Matias Ibarbalz,Nicolas Henry,Manoela C. Brandão,Séverine Martini,Greta Busseni,Hannah Byrne,Luis Pedro Coelho,Hisashi Endo,Josep M. Gasol,Ann C. Gregory,Frédéric Mahé,Janaina Rigonato,Marta Royo-Llonch,Guillem Salazar,Isabel Sanz-Sáez,Eleonora Scalco,Dodji Soviadan,Ahmed A. Zayed,Adriana Zingone,Karine Labadie,Joannie Ferland,Claudie Marec,Stefanie Kandels,Marc Picheral,Céline Dimier,Julie Poulain,Sergey Pisarev,Margaux Carmichael,Stephane Pesant,Marcel Babin,Emmanuel Boss,Daniele Iudicone,Olivier Jaillon,Silvia G. Acinas,Hiroyuki Ogata,Eric Pelletier,Lars Stemmann,Matthew B. Sullivan,Shinichi Sunagawa,Laurent Bopp,Colomban de Vargas,Lee Karp-Boss,Patrick Wincker,Fabien Lombard,Chris Bowler,Lucie Zinger,Peer Bork,Guy Cochrane,Mick Follows,Gabriel Gorsky,Nigel Grimsley,Lionel Guidi,Pascal Hingamp,Eric Karsenti,Fabrice Not,Nicole J. Poulton,Jeroen Raes,Christian Sardet,Sabrina Speich +58 more
TL;DR: This work investigates the latitudinal gradients and global predictors of plankton diversity across archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes, and major virus clades using both molecular and imaging data from Tara Oceans to show a decline of diversity for most planktonic groups toward the poles.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Decadal Trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation: Regional Temperatures and Precipitation
TL;DR: An evaluation of the atmospheric moisture budget reveals coherent large-scale changes since 1980 that are linked to recent dry conditions over southern Europe and the Mediterranean, whereas northern Europe and parts of Scandinavia have generally experienced wetter than normal conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Arctic oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields
TL;DR: The Arctic Oscillation (AO) as mentioned in this paper is the signature of modulations in the strength of the polar vortex aloft, and it resembles the NAO in many respects; but its primary center of action covers more of the Arctic, giving it a more zonally symmetric appearance.
Journal ArticleDOI
The oceans : their physics, chemistry, and general biology
TL;DR: The book is intended to provide a good deal of factual information, but above all it should be an aid to the beginner and specialist alike in the coordination of the various fields of oceanography.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of sea ice and other fresh water in the Arctic circulation
Knut Aagaard,Eddy C. Carmack +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the control of the vertical circulation in the northern seas, and the potential for altering it, by considering the budgets and storage of fresh water in the Arctic Ocean and in the convective regions to the south.
Related Papers (5)
The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) Version 3.0
Martin Jakobsson,Larry A. Mayer,Bernard Coakley,Julian A. Dowdeswell,Steve Forbes,Boris Fridman,Hanne Hodnesdal,Riko Noormets,Richard Pedersen,Michele Rebesco,Hans Werner Schenke,Yulia Zarayskaya,Daniela Accettella,Andy Armstrong,Robert M Anderson,Paul Bienhoff,Angelo Camerlenghi,I. Church,Margo H. Edwards,James V. Gardner,John K. Hall,Benjamin Hell,Ole Hestvik,Yngve Kristoffersen,Christian Marcussen,Rezwan Mohammad,David C. Mosher,Son V. Nghiem,Maria T. Pedrosa,Paola Travaglini,Pauline Weatherall +30 more