Journal ArticleDOI
Piecing together the stunting puzzle: a framework for attributable factors of child stunting
TLDR
A qualitative and a quantitative framework of the primary drivers of stunting in low-resource settings were developed and found that infectious diseases were responsible for large attributable fractions in all settings, and a combination of dietary indicators also comprised a large fraction in Africa.Abstract:
Reducing the burden of stunting in childhood is critical to improving health in low- and middle-income settings. However, because many aetiologies underlie linear growth failure, stunting has proved difficult to prevent and reverse. Understanding the contributions these aetiologies make to the burden of stunting can help the development of targeted, effective interventions. To begin to frame these causes, a qualitative and a quantitative framework of the primary drivers of stunting in low-resource settings were developed. Population attributable fractions (PAF) were estimated to inform the quantitative framework. According to these estimates, infectious diseases were responsible for large attributable fractions in all settings, and a combination of dietary indicators also comprised a large fraction in Africa. However, the PAF calculation was found to have several limitations, including a requirement for a binary outcome and sensitivity to confounding, which necessitate broad interpretation of the results. More robust tools to model complex causality are needed in order to understand the causal aetiology of stunting.read more
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2017 Global Hunger Index: The inequalities of hunger: Synopsis
Klaus von Grebmer,Jill Bernstein,Naomi Hossain,Tracy Brown,Nilam Prasai,Yisehac Yohannes,Fraser Patterson,Andrea Sonntag,Sophia-Maria Zimmerman,Olive Towey,Connell Foley +10 more
TL;DR: The 2017 Global Hunger Index (GHI) report as mentioned in this paper presents a multidimensional measure of hunger at the global, regional, and national levels, highlighting the inequalities underlying hunger, including geographic, income, and gender inequality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Path analyses of risk factors for linear growth faltering in four prospective cohorts of young children in Ghana, Malawi and Burkina Faso.
Elizabeth L. Prado,Elizabeth Yakes Jimenez,Stephen A. Vosti,Robert Stewart,Christine P. Stewart,Jérôme W. Somé,Anna Pulakka,Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo,Harriet Okronipa,Eugenia Ocansey,Brietta M Oaks,Kenneth Maleta,Anna Lartey,Emma Kortekangas,Sonja Y. Hess,Kenneth H. Brown,Kenneth H. Brown,Jaden Bendabenda,Ulla Ashorn,Per Ashorn,Mary Arimond,Seth Adu-Afarwuah,Souheila Abbeddou,Kathryn G Dewey +23 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted path analyses of factors associated with 18-month length-for-age z-score (LAZ) in four prospective cohorts of children who participated in trials conducted as part of the International Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Project in Ghana, Malawi, and Burkina Faso.
Journal ArticleDOI
Health Considerations for Immigrant and Refugee Children.
TL;DR: An overview of physical, developmental, and behavioral health considerations for immigrant and refugee children within an ecological framework that highlights family, community, and sociocultural influences is provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of intestinal pathogens with faecal markers of environmental enteric dysfunction among slum-dwelling children in the first 2 years of life in Bangladesh
TL;DR: This study aimed to test the association of intestinal pathogens with faecal markers of EED among slum‐dwelling children in first 2 years of life.
Journal ArticleDOI
A framework for targeting water, sanitation and hygiene interventions in pastoralist populations in the Afar region of Ethiopia.
Lucy Whitley,Paul Hutchings,Sarah Cooper,Alison Parker,Abinet Kebede,Solome Joseph,John Butterworth,Barbara van Koppen,Adolph Mulejaa +8 more
TL;DR: The results show that low levels of access to infrastructure are further compounded by risky behaviours related to water containment, storage and transportation, and the framework provides an approach for assessing risks in other marginal populations that are poorly understood and served through conventional approaches.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The environment and disease: association or causation?
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Journal ArticleDOI
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
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Tabb,Ken Takahashi,Roberto Tchio Talongwa,Nikhil Tandon,David Tanne,Marcel Tanner,Mohammad Tavakkoli,Braden Te Ao,Carolina Maria Teixeira,Martha M Téllez Rojo,Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi,Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi,José Luis Texcalac-Sangrador,Sarah V Thackway,Blake Thomson,Andrew L. Thorne-Lyman,Amanda G. Thrift,George D. Thurston,Taavi Tillmann,Myriam Tobollik,Marcello Tonelli,Fotis Topouzis,Jeffrey A. Towbin,Hideaki Toyoshima,Jefferson Traebert,Bach Xuan Tran,Leonardo Trasande,Matias Trillini,Ulises Trujillo,Zacharie Tsala Dimbuene,Miltiadis K. Tsilimbaris,Emin Murat Tuzcu,Uche S. Uchendu,Kingsley N. Ukwaja,Selen Begüm Uzun,Steven van de Vijver,Rita Van Dingenen,Coen H. Van Gool,Jim van Os,Yuri Y Varakin,Tommi Vasankari,Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos,Monica S. Vavilala,Lennert J. Veerman,Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Lakshmi Vijayakumar,Salvador Villalpando,Francesco Saverio Violante,Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov,Stein Emil Vollset,Gregory R. Wagner,Gregory R. Wagner,Stephen G Waller,Mitchell T. Wallin,Xia Wan,Haidong Wang,JianLi Wang,Linhong Wang,Wenzhi Wang,Yanping Wang,Tati S. Warouw,Charlotte Watts,Charlotte Watts,Scott Weichenthal,Elisabete Weiderpass,Robert G. Weintraub,Andrea Werdecker,K. Ryan Wessells,Ronny Westerman,Harvey Whiteford,James D. Wilkinson,Hywel C Williams,Thomas N. Williams,Solomon Meseret Woldeyohannes,Charles D.A. Wolfe,John Q. Wong,Anthony D. Woolf,Jonathan L. Wright,Jonathan L. Wright,Brittany Wurtz,Gelin Xu,Lijing L. Yan,Gonghuan Yang,Yuichiro Yano,Pengpeng Ye,Muluken Azage Yenesew,Gokalp Kadri Yentur,Paul S. F. Yip,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok Jun Yoon,Mustafa Z. Younis,Zourkaleini Younoussi,Chuanhua Yu,Maysaa El Sayed Zaki,Yong Zhao,Yingfeng Zheng,Maigeng Zhou,Jun Zhu,Shankuan Zhu,Xiaonong Zou,Joseph R. Zunt,Alan D. Lopez,Theo Vos,Christopher J L Murray +736 more
TL;DR: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) as discussed by the authors provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries
Robert E. Black,Cesar G. Victora,Susan P. Walker,Zulfiqar A Bhutta,Parul Christian,Mercedes de Onis,Majid Ezzati,Sally Grantham-McGregor,Sally Grantham-McGregor,Joanne Katz,Reynaldo Martorell,Ricardo Uauy +11 more
TL;DR: It is estimated that undernutrition in the aggregate--including fetal growth restriction, stunting, wasting, and deficiencies of vitamin A and zinc along with suboptimum breastfeeding--is a cause of 3·1 million child deaths annually or 45% of all child deaths in 2011.
Journal Article
The environment and disease: association or causation?
TL;DR: This paper contrasts Bradford Hill’s approach with a currently fashionable framework for reasoning about statistical associations – the Common Task Framework – and suggests why following Bradford Hill, 50+ years on, is still extraordinarily reasonable.