The centrosome cycle: Centriole biogenesis, duplication and inherent asymmetries
Erich A. Nigg,Tim Stearns +1 more
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TLDR
The spatial aspects of the centrosome duplication cycle, the mechanism of centriole assembly and the possible consequences of the inherent asymmetry of Centrosomes and centrosomes are discussed.Abstract:
Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centres of animal cells. They influence the morphology of the microtubule cytoskeleton, function as the base for the primary cilium and serve as a nexus for important signalling pathways. At the core of a typical centrosome are two cylindrical microtubule-based structures termed centrioles, which recruit a matrix of associated pericentriolar material. Cells begin the cell cycle with exactly one centrosome, and the duplication of centrioles is constrained such that it occurs only once per cell cycle and at a specific site in the cell. As a result of this duplication mechanism, the two centrioles differ in age and maturity, and thus have different functions; for example, the older of the two centrioles can initiate the formation of a ciliary axoneme. We discuss spatial aspects of the centrosome duplication cycle, the mechanism of centriole assembly and the possible consequences of the inherent asymmetry of centrioles and centrosomes.read more
Citations
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Centrosome function and assembly in animal cells
TL;DR: Advances should ultimately allow the in vitro reconstitution of functional centrosomes from their component proteins to unlock the secrets of these enigmatic organelles.
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Subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence microscopy reveals a domain of the centrosome critical for pericentriolar material organization
Vito Mennella,Bettina Keszthelyi,Kent L. McDonald,Bryant B. Chhun,F Kan,Gregory C. Rogers,Bo Huang,David A. Agard +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the pericentriolar material is organized into two main structural domains: a layer juxtaposed to the centriole wall, and proteins extending farther away from the Centrosome organized in a matrix, using SIM and STORM subdiffraction-resolution microscopies.
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Targeting Mitosis in Cancer: Emerging Strategies
Carmen Dominguez-Brauer,Kelsie L. Thu,Jacqueline M. Mason,Heiko Blaser,Mark R. Bray,Tak W. Mak +5 more
TL;DR: The concept of exploiting the genomic instability of tumor cells through therapeutic inhibition of mitotic checkpoints is discussed, and it is believed this strategy has a high likelihood of success given its potential to enhance therapeutic index by targeting tumor-specific vulnerabilities.
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Phase transitions and size scaling of membrane-less organelles.
TL;DR: The phase transitions that appear to govern the assembly of membrane-less cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic structures exhibit an intrinsic dependence on cell size, and may explain the size scaling reported for a number of structures.
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Once and only once: mechanisms of centriole duplication and their deregulation in disease
Erich A. Nigg,Andrew J. Holland +1 more
TL;DR: A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing centriole biogenesis is understood, opening up new possibilities for targeting these pathways in the context of human disease.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Functionally Unequal Centrosomes Drive Spindle Orientation in Asymmetrically Dividing Drosophila Neural Stem Cells
TL;DR: Drosophila larval neural stem cells engineered to express fluorescent reporters for microtubules, pericentriolar material, and centrioles reveal that spindle orientation in Drosophile larval NBs is determined very early in the cell cycle, and is mediated by asymmetric centrosome function.
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Cep152 interacts with Plk4 and is required for centriole duplication
TL;DR: Cep152, the orthologue of Drosophila Asterless, is a PlK4 target that functions with Plk4 in centriole assembly.
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Cep152 acts as a scaffold for recruitment of Plk4 and CPAP to the centrosome
Onur Cizmecioglu,Marc Arnold,Ramona Bahtz,Florian Settele,Lena Ehret,Uta Haselmann-Weiß,Claude Antony,Ingrid Hoffmann +7 more
TL;DR: Cep152 interacts with the cryptic Polo-box of PlK4 and is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication.
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Overexpressing Centriole-Replication Proteins In Vivo Induces Centriole Overduplication and De Novo Formation
TL;DR: Overexpressing the three proteins known to be required for centriole replication in Drosophila—DSas-6, DSas-4, and Sak can induce the formation of extra centrioles in some tissues but not others, suggesting that centRIole replication is regulated differently in different tissues.
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Revisiting the role of the mother centriole in centriole biogenesis.
Ana Rodrigues-Martins,Maria Giovanna Riparbelli,Maria Giovanna Riparbelli,Maria Giovanna Riparbelli,Giuliano Callaini,Giuliano Callaini,Giuliano Callaini,David M. Glover,David M. Glover,David M. Glover,Mónica Bettencourt-Dias,Mónica Bettencourt-Dias,Mónica Bettencourt-Dias +12 more
TL;DR: It is found that overexpression of SAK/PLK4 could induce amplification of centrioles in Drosophila embryos and their de novo formation in unfertilized eggs.