The centrosome cycle: Centriole biogenesis, duplication and inherent asymmetries
Erich A. Nigg,Tim Stearns +1 more
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TLDR
The spatial aspects of the centrosome duplication cycle, the mechanism of centriole assembly and the possible consequences of the inherent asymmetry of Centrosomes and centrosomes are discussed.Abstract:
Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centres of animal cells. They influence the morphology of the microtubule cytoskeleton, function as the base for the primary cilium and serve as a nexus for important signalling pathways. At the core of a typical centrosome are two cylindrical microtubule-based structures termed centrioles, which recruit a matrix of associated pericentriolar material. Cells begin the cell cycle with exactly one centrosome, and the duplication of centrioles is constrained such that it occurs only once per cell cycle and at a specific site in the cell. As a result of this duplication mechanism, the two centrioles differ in age and maturity, and thus have different functions; for example, the older of the two centrioles can initiate the formation of a ciliary axoneme. We discuss spatial aspects of the centrosome duplication cycle, the mechanism of centriole assembly and the possible consequences of the inherent asymmetry of centrioles and centrosomes.read more
Citations
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Centrosome function and assembly in animal cells
TL;DR: Advances should ultimately allow the in vitro reconstitution of functional centrosomes from their component proteins to unlock the secrets of these enigmatic organelles.
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Subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence microscopy reveals a domain of the centrosome critical for pericentriolar material organization
Vito Mennella,Bettina Keszthelyi,Kent L. McDonald,Bryant B. Chhun,F Kan,Gregory C. Rogers,Bo Huang,David A. Agard +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the pericentriolar material is organized into two main structural domains: a layer juxtaposed to the centriole wall, and proteins extending farther away from the Centrosome organized in a matrix, using SIM and STORM subdiffraction-resolution microscopies.
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TL;DR: The concept of exploiting the genomic instability of tumor cells through therapeutic inhibition of mitotic checkpoints is discussed, and it is believed this strategy has a high likelihood of success given its potential to enhance therapeutic index by targeting tumor-specific vulnerabilities.
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Phase transitions and size scaling of membrane-less organelles.
TL;DR: The phase transitions that appear to govern the assembly of membrane-less cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic structures exhibit an intrinsic dependence on cell size, and may explain the size scaling reported for a number of structures.
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Once and only once: mechanisms of centriole duplication and their deregulation in disease
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References
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Cep97 and CP110 suppress a cilia assembly program.
TL;DR: P purified complexes associated with CP110, a protein that plays an essential role in centrosome duplication and cytokinesis, are purified and a previously uncharacterized protein, Cep97, that recruits CP110 to centrosomes is identified.
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Multipolar spindle pole coalescence is a major source of kinetochore mis-attachment and chromosome mis-segregation in cancer cells.
TL;DR: The data suggest a model by which merotelic kinetochore attachments can easily be established in multipolar prometaphases, and a spindle pole coalescence mechanism as a major contributor to chromosome instability in cancer cells.
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Centrosome-dependent exit of cytokinesis in animal cells.
TL;DR: Investigating the behavior of the centrosome in living mitotic cells documented a transient and remarkable postanaphase repositioning of this organelle, which apparently controls the release of central microtubules from the midbody and the completion of cell division.
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Asymmetric centrosome inheritance maintains neural progenitors in the neocortex
Xiaoqun Wang,Jin Wu Tsai,Janice H. Imai,Janice H. Imai,Wei Nan Lian,Richard B. Vallee,Song-Hai Shi,Song-Hai Shi +7 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that preferential inheritance of the centrosome with the mature older mother centriole is required for maintaining radial glia progenitors in the developing mammalian neocortex.
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Centriole assembly in Caenorhabditis elegans
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that centriole assembly is triggered by an upstream signal mediated by SPD-2 and ZYG-1 proteins, and further define a structural pathway for the assembly of daughter centrioles in other organisms.