The centrosome cycle: Centriole biogenesis, duplication and inherent asymmetries
Erich A. Nigg,Tim Stearns +1 more
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TLDR
The spatial aspects of the centrosome duplication cycle, the mechanism of centriole assembly and the possible consequences of the inherent asymmetry of Centrosomes and centrosomes are discussed.Abstract:
Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centres of animal cells. They influence the morphology of the microtubule cytoskeleton, function as the base for the primary cilium and serve as a nexus for important signalling pathways. At the core of a typical centrosome are two cylindrical microtubule-based structures termed centrioles, which recruit a matrix of associated pericentriolar material. Cells begin the cell cycle with exactly one centrosome, and the duplication of centrioles is constrained such that it occurs only once per cell cycle and at a specific site in the cell. As a result of this duplication mechanism, the two centrioles differ in age and maturity, and thus have different functions; for example, the older of the two centrioles can initiate the formation of a ciliary axoneme. We discuss spatial aspects of the centrosome duplication cycle, the mechanism of centriole assembly and the possible consequences of the inherent asymmetry of centrioles and centrosomes.read more
Citations
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Centrosome function and assembly in animal cells
TL;DR: Advances should ultimately allow the in vitro reconstitution of functional centrosomes from their component proteins to unlock the secrets of these enigmatic organelles.
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Subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence microscopy reveals a domain of the centrosome critical for pericentriolar material organization
Vito Mennella,Bettina Keszthelyi,Kent L. McDonald,Bryant B. Chhun,F Kan,Gregory C. Rogers,Bo Huang,David A. Agard +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the pericentriolar material is organized into two main structural domains: a layer juxtaposed to the centriole wall, and proteins extending farther away from the Centrosome organized in a matrix, using SIM and STORM subdiffraction-resolution microscopies.
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Targeting Mitosis in Cancer: Emerging Strategies
Carmen Dominguez-Brauer,Kelsie L. Thu,Jacqueline M. Mason,Heiko Blaser,Mark R. Bray,Tak W. Mak +5 more
TL;DR: The concept of exploiting the genomic instability of tumor cells through therapeutic inhibition of mitotic checkpoints is discussed, and it is believed this strategy has a high likelihood of success given its potential to enhance therapeutic index by targeting tumor-specific vulnerabilities.
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Phase transitions and size scaling of membrane-less organelles.
TL;DR: The phase transitions that appear to govern the assembly of membrane-less cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic structures exhibit an intrinsic dependence on cell size, and may explain the size scaling reported for a number of structures.
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Once and only once: mechanisms of centriole duplication and their deregulation in disease
Erich A. Nigg,Andrew J. Holland +1 more
TL;DR: A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing centriole biogenesis is understood, opening up new possibilities for targeting these pathways in the context of human disease.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cep164, a novel centriole appendage protein required for primary cilium formation
Susanne Graser,York-Dieter Stierhof,Sébastien B. Lavoie,Oliver S. Gassner,Stefan Lamla,Mikael Le Clech,Erich A. Nigg +6 more
TL;DR: One newly identified protein, Cep164, was indispensable for PC formation and hence characterized in detail and identified as an excellent marker for these structures.
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The respective contributions of the mother and daughter centrioles to centrosome activity and behavior in vertebrate cells.
TL;DR: Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy reveals that the centriole pair inherited after mitosis splits during or just after telophase, and a model, based on differences in Mt anchoring and release by the mother and daughter centrioles is proposed to explain these results.
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Mechanism limiting centrosome duplication to once per cell cycle
Meng-Fu Bryan Tsou,Tim Stearns +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the ‘once-only’ control of centrosome duplication is achieved by temporally separating licensing in anaphase from growth of new centrioles during S phase, which suggests that re-duplication ofcentrioles within a cell cycle is prevented by centriole engagement itself.
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C-Nap1, a novel centrosomal coiled-coil protein and candidate substrate of the cell cycle-regulated protein kinase Nek2.
Andrew M. Fry,Thibault Mayor,Patrick Meraldi,York-Dieter Stierhof,Kayoko Tanaka,Erich A. Nigg +5 more
TL;DR: The molecular characterization of a novel human centrosomal protein, C-Nap1, first identified as a Nek2-interacting protein in a yeast two-hybrid screen is described and a model implicating both Nek2 and C- Napoleon in the regulation of centriole–centriole cohesion during the cell cycle is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microtubule-organizing centres: a re-evaluation
Jens Lüders,Tim Stearns +1 more
TL;DR: Recent evidence indicating that γ-tubulin-dependent formation of new microtubules is not restricted to conventional microtubule-organizing centres is discussed, suggesting that the spatio-temporal control of microtubULE nucleation is more complex than previously thought.