The centrosome cycle: Centriole biogenesis, duplication and inherent asymmetries
Erich A. Nigg,Tim Stearns +1 more
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TLDR
The spatial aspects of the centrosome duplication cycle, the mechanism of centriole assembly and the possible consequences of the inherent asymmetry of Centrosomes and centrosomes are discussed.Abstract:
Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centres of animal cells. They influence the morphology of the microtubule cytoskeleton, function as the base for the primary cilium and serve as a nexus for important signalling pathways. At the core of a typical centrosome are two cylindrical microtubule-based structures termed centrioles, which recruit a matrix of associated pericentriolar material. Cells begin the cell cycle with exactly one centrosome, and the duplication of centrioles is constrained such that it occurs only once per cell cycle and at a specific site in the cell. As a result of this duplication mechanism, the two centrioles differ in age and maturity, and thus have different functions; for example, the older of the two centrioles can initiate the formation of a ciliary axoneme. We discuss spatial aspects of the centrosome duplication cycle, the mechanism of centriole assembly and the possible consequences of the inherent asymmetry of centrioles and centrosomes.read more
Citations
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Centrosome function and assembly in animal cells
TL;DR: Advances should ultimately allow the in vitro reconstitution of functional centrosomes from their component proteins to unlock the secrets of these enigmatic organelles.
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Subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence microscopy reveals a domain of the centrosome critical for pericentriolar material organization
Vito Mennella,Bettina Keszthelyi,Kent L. McDonald,Bryant B. Chhun,F Kan,Gregory C. Rogers,Bo Huang,David A. Agard +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the pericentriolar material is organized into two main structural domains: a layer juxtaposed to the centriole wall, and proteins extending farther away from the Centrosome organized in a matrix, using SIM and STORM subdiffraction-resolution microscopies.
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Targeting Mitosis in Cancer: Emerging Strategies
Carmen Dominguez-Brauer,Kelsie L. Thu,Jacqueline M. Mason,Heiko Blaser,Mark R. Bray,Tak W. Mak +5 more
TL;DR: The concept of exploiting the genomic instability of tumor cells through therapeutic inhibition of mitotic checkpoints is discussed, and it is believed this strategy has a high likelihood of success given its potential to enhance therapeutic index by targeting tumor-specific vulnerabilities.
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Phase transitions and size scaling of membrane-less organelles.
TL;DR: The phase transitions that appear to govern the assembly of membrane-less cytoplasmic and nucleoplasmic structures exhibit an intrinsic dependence on cell size, and may explain the size scaling reported for a number of structures.
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Once and only once: mechanisms of centriole duplication and their deregulation in disease
Erich A. Nigg,Andrew J. Holland +1 more
TL;DR: A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing centriole biogenesis is understood, opening up new possibilities for targeting these pathways in the context of human disease.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
DSAS-6 organizes a tube-like centriole precursor, and its absence suggests modularity in centriole assembly
Ana Rodrigues-Martins,Mónica Bettencourt-Dias,Mónica Bettencourt-Dias,Maria Giovanna Riparbelli,Cláudia Ferreira,Cláudia Ferreira,Inês Ferreira,Inês Ferreira,Giuliano Callaini,David M. Glover +9 more
TL;DR: Drosophila SAS-6 is involved in centriole assembly and cohesion, and it is proposed that the tube is built from nine subunits fitting together laterally and longitudinally in a modular and sequential fashion, like pieces of a layered "hollow cake".
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Drosophila neuroblasts retain the daughter centrosome
TL;DR: It is shown that upon asymmetric mitosis, the mother centrosome is inherited by the differentiating daughter cell and that the stemness properties of these cells are not linked to mother centosome inheritance.
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hPOC5 is a centrin-binding protein required for assembly of full-length centrioles.
Juliette Azimzadeh,Polla Hergert,Annie Delouvée,Ursula Euteneuer,Etienne Formstecher,Alexey Khodjakov,Michel Bornens +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that hPOC5 is not required for the initiation of procentriole assembly but is essential for building the distal half of centrioles, which reveals an evolutionary divergence between vertebrates and organisms like Drosophila melanogaster or Caenorhabditis elegans, in which the loss of hP OC5 may correlate with the conspicuous differences in centriolar structure.
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Components of the Hippo pathway cooperate with Nek2 kinase to regulate centrosome disjunction
Balca R. Mardin,Cornelia Lange,Joanne E. Baxter,Tara Hardy,Sebastian R. Scholz,Andrew M. Fry,Elmar Schiebel +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that two Hippo pathway components, the mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 2 (Mst2) and the scaffold protein Salvador (hSav1), directly interact with Nek2A and regulate its ability to localize to centrosomes, and phosphorylate C-Nap1 and rootletin.
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Centrioles regulate centrosome size by controlling the rate of Cnn incorporation into the PCM.
TL;DR: Centrioles can control the amount of PCM they organize by regulating the rate of Cnn incorporation into the PCM, which in turn is an important determinant of overall centrosome size.