The centrosome cycle: Centriole biogenesis, duplication and inherent asymmetries
Erich A. Nigg,Tim Stearns +1 more
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TLDR
The spatial aspects of the centrosome duplication cycle, the mechanism of centriole assembly and the possible consequences of the inherent asymmetry of Centrosomes and centrosomes are discussed.Abstract:
Centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centres of animal cells. They influence the morphology of the microtubule cytoskeleton, function as the base for the primary cilium and serve as a nexus for important signalling pathways. At the core of a typical centrosome are two cylindrical microtubule-based structures termed centrioles, which recruit a matrix of associated pericentriolar material. Cells begin the cell cycle with exactly one centrosome, and the duplication of centrioles is constrained such that it occurs only once per cell cycle and at a specific site in the cell. As a result of this duplication mechanism, the two centrioles differ in age and maturity, and thus have different functions; for example, the older of the two centrioles can initiate the formation of a ciliary axoneme. We discuss spatial aspects of the centrosome duplication cycle, the mechanism of centriole assembly and the possible consequences of the inherent asymmetry of centrioles and centrosomes.read more
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Identification of a Synergistic Multi-Drug Combination Active in Cancer Cells via the Prevention of Spindle Pole Clustering.
Andrea Weiss,Andrea Weiss,Morgan Le Roux-Bourdieu,Marloes Zoetemelk,George Mourad Ramzy,Magdalena Rausch,Daniela Harry,Marijana Miljkovic-Licina,Katayoun Falamaki,Bernard Wehrle-Haller,Patrick Meraldi,Patrycja Nowak-Sliwinska +11 more
TL;DR: It is discovered that C2 inhibits multipolar spindle pole clustering, a survival mechanism employed by cancer cells with spindle abnormalities, and suggests a highly effective and selective C2 treatment strategy for malignant and drug-resistant cancers.
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Centriolar satellite– and hMsd1/SSX2IP-dependent microtubule anchoring is critical for centriole assembly
TL;DR: Human Msd1/SSX2IP is a component of centriolar satellites and essential for microtubule anchoring to the centrosome, which produces supernumerary centriole precursors specifically in tumor cells.
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Cell polarity: having and making sense of direction-on the evolutionary significance of the primary cilium/centrosome organ in Metazoa.
TL;DR: Beyond critical consequences for embryo development, the conservation of cell-autonomous polarity in Metazoans had far-reaching implications for the evolution of individuality.
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Genome-wide screen identifies novel machineries required for both ciliogenesis and cell cycle arrest upon serum starvation
Ji Hyun Kim,Soo Mi Ki,Je-Gun Joung,Eric Scott,Susanne Heynen-Genel,Pedro Aza-Blanc,Chang Hyuk Kwon,Joon Kim,Joseph G. Gleeson,Ji Eun Lee,Ji Eun Lee +10 more
TL;DR: Using a human genome-wide RNAi screen, genes encoding subunits of the spliceosome and proteasome are identified as novel regulators of ciliogenesis and hit-associated mechanisms are shown to be crucial for both cilia assembly and cell cycle arrest in response to serum withdrawal.
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Progenitor genealogy in the developing cerebral cortex
TL;DR: The aim of the present review is to summarize the current views of progenitor hierarchy and relationship in the developing cortex and to further discuss future research directions that would help to understand the molecular and cellular regulating mechanisms involved in cerebral corticogenesis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The primary cilium: a signalling centre during vertebrate development
TL;DR: The connections between cilia and developmental signalling have begun to clarify the basis of human diseases associated with ciliary dysfunction, and the cilium represents a nexus for signalling pathways during development.
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A Mechanism Linking Extra Centrosomes to Chromosomal Instability
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that cells with multiple centrosomes rarely undergo multipolar cell divisions, and the progeny of these divisions are typically inviable, and it is proposed that this mechanism may be a common underlying cause of CIN in human cancer.
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Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling
Jens S. Andersen,Christopher J. Wilkinson,Thibault Mayor,Thibault Mayor,Peter Mortensen,Erich A. Nigg,Matthias Mann +6 more
TL;DR: A mass-spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of human centrosomes in the interphase of the cell cycle by quantitatively profiling hundreds of proteins across several centrifugation fractions identified and validated 23 novel components and identified 41 likely candidates as well as the vast majority of the known centrosomal proteins in a large background of nonspecific proteins.
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Hippo signaling: growth control and beyond
Georg Halder,Randy L. Johnson +1 more
TL;DR: Recently discovered mechanisms that contribute to the dynamic regulation of Hippo signaling during Drosophila and vertebrate development are reviewed and exciting new insights are provided into the elusive mechanisms that regulate organ growth and regeneration.
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Cleavage of Cohesin by the CD Clan Protease Separin Triggers Anaphase in Yeast
TL;DR: It is shown here that separin is a cysteine protease related to caspases that alone can cleave Sccl in vitro and depends on a conserved protein called separin for sister chromatid separation.