Book ChapterDOI
The trypanothione system.
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TLDR
Despite overlapping substrate specificities and subcellular localizations, the two types of peroxidases can obviously not substitute for each other which suggests distinct cell-physiological roles.Abstract:
Trypanosomes and Leishmania, the causative agents of severe tropical diseases, employ 2-Cys-peroxiredoxins together with cysteine-homologues of glutathione peroxidases and ascorbate-dependent peroxidases for the detoxification of hydroperoxides. All three types of peroxidases gain their reducing equivalents from the parasite-specific dithiol trypanothione [bis(glutathionyl)spermidine]. Based on their primary structure and cellular localization, the trypanosomatid 2-Cys-peroxiredoxins are subdivided into two families that occur in the mitochondrion and cytosol of the parasites. In Trypanosoma brucei, the cytosolic 2-Cys-peroxiredoxin, as well as the glutathione peroxidase-type enzyme, is essential for cell viability. Despite overlapping substrate specificities and subcellular localizations, the two types of peroxidases can obviously not substitute for each other which suggests distinct cell-physiological rolesread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism.
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the reaction catalyzed by trypanothione reductase represents the only connection between the NADPH- and the thiol-based redox metabolisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmania-macrophage interactions: insights into the redox biology.
TL;DR: A state-of-the-art overview of the redox biology at the parasite-macrophage interface is presented and its involvement in the development of drug resistance and treatment failure are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Comparison of Thiol Peroxidase Mechanisms
TL;DR: Diversity combined with structural variability predestines thiol peroxidases for redox regulation via ROOH sensing and direct or indirect transduction of oxidant signals to specific protein targets to specificprotein targets.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vitamin B6: A Molecule for Human Health?
Hanjo Hellmann,Sutton Mooney +1 more
TL;DR: The review briefly summarizes the biosynthetic pathways of vitamin B 6 in pro- and eukaryotes and its diverse roles in enzymatic reactions and critically reflect on current knowledge how human health can profit from vitamin B6.
Journal ArticleDOI
Peroxidases of trypanosomatids.
TL;DR: Observations point to the existence of an elaborate peroxide metabolism in trypanosomatids, which includes the unique feature of using reducing equivalents derived from trypanothione, a dithiol found exclusively in these protozoa.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Genome of the African Trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei
Matthew Berriman,Elodie Ghedin,Elodie Ghedin,Christiane Hertz-Fowler,Gaëlle Blandin,Hubert Renauld,Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu,Nicola Lennard,Elisabet Caler,N. Hamlin,Brian J. Haas,Ulrike Böhme,Linda Hannick,Martin Aslett,Joshua Shallom,Lucio Marcello,Lihua Hou,Bill Wickstead,U. Cecilia M. Alsmark,Claire Arrowsmith,Rebecca Atkin,Andrew Barron,Frédéric Bringaud,Karen Brooks,Mark Carrington,Inna Cherevach,Tracey-Jane Chillingworth,Carol Churcher,Louise Clark,Craig Corton,Ann Cronin,Robert L. Davies,Jonathon Doggett,Appolinaire Djikeng,Tamara Feldblyum,Mark C. Field,Audrey Fraser,Ian Goodhead,Zahra Hance,David Harper,Barbara Harris,Heidi Hauser,Jessica B. Hostetler,Al Ivens,Kay Jagels,David W. Johnson,Justin Johnson,Kristine Jones,Arnaud Kerhornou,Hean Koo,Natasha Larke,Scott M. Landfear,Christopher Larkin,Vanessa Leech,Alexandra Line,Angela Lord,Annette MacLeod,P. Mooney,Sharon Moule,David M. A. Martin,Gareth W. Morgan,Karen Mungall,Halina Norbertczak,Doug Ormond,Grace Pai,Christopher S. Peacock,Jeremy Peterson,Michael A. Quail,Ester Rabbinowitsch,Marie-Adèle Rajandream,Chris P Reitter,Steven L. Salzberg,Mandy Sanders,Seth Schobel,Sarah Sharp,Mark Simmonds,Anjana J. Simpson,Luke J. Tallon,C. Michael R. Turner,Andrew Tait,Adrian Tivey,Susan Van Aken,Danielle Walker,David Wanless,Shiliang Wang,Brian White,Owen White,Sally Whitehead,John Woodward,Jennifer R. Wortman,Mark Raymond Adams,T. Martin Embley,Keith Gull,Elisabetta Ullu,J. David Barry,Alan H. Fairlamb,Fred R. Opperdoes,Barclay G. Barrell,John E. Donelson,Neil Hall,Neil Hall,Claire M. Fraser,Sara E. Melville,Najib M. El-Sayed,Najib M. El-Sayed +104 more
TL;DR: Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems of Trypanosoma brucei with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences.
Journal ArticleDOI
The genome of the kinetoplastid parasite, Leishmania major.
Alasdair Ivens,Christopher S. Peacock,Elizabeth A. Worthey,Lee Murphy,Gautam Aggarwal,Matthew Berriman,Ellen Sisk,Marie-Adèle Rajandream,Ellen Adlem,Rita Aert,Atashi Anupama,Zina Apostolou,Philip Attipoe,Nathalie Bason,Christopher Bauser,Alfred Beck,Stephen M. Beverley,Gabriella Bianchettin,K. Borzym,G. Bothe,Carlo V. Bruschi,Carlo V. Bruschi,Matt Collins,Eithon Cadag,Laura Ciarloni,Christine Clayton,Richard M.R. Coulson,Ann Cronin,Angela K. Cruz,Robert L. Davies,Javier G. De Gaudenzi,Deborah E. Dobson,Andreas Duesterhoeft,Gholam Fazelina,Nigel Fosker,Alberto C.C. Frasch,Audrey Fraser,Monika Fuchs,Claudia Gabel,Arlette Goble,André Goffeau,David Harris,Christiane Hertz-Fowler,Helmut Hilbert,David Horn,Yiting Huang,Sven Klages,Andrew J Knights,Michael Kube,Natasha Larke,Lyudmila Litvin,Angela Lord,Tin Louie,Marco A. Marra,David Masuy,Keith R. Matthews,Shulamit Michaeli,Jeremy C. Mottram,Silke Müller-Auer,Heather Munden,Siri Nelson,Halina Norbertczak,Karen Oliver,Susan O'Neil,Martin Pentony,Thomas M. Pohl,Claire Price,Bénédicte Purnelle,Michael A. Quail,Ester Rabbinowitsch,Richard Reinhardt,Michael A. Rieger,Joel Rinta,Johan Robben,Laura Robertson,Jeronimo C. Ruiz,Simon Rutter,David L. Saunders,Melanie Schäfer,Jacquie Schein,David C. Schwartz,Kathy Seeger,Amber Seyler,Sarah Sharp,Heesun Shin,Dhileep Sivam,Rob Squares,Steve Squares,Valentina Tosato,Christy Vogt,Guido Volckaert,Rolf Wambutt,T. Warren,Holger Wedler,John Woodward,Shiguo Zhou,Wolfgang Zimmermann,Deborah F. Smith,Jenefer M. Blackwell,Kenneth Stuart,Kenneth Stuart,Bart Barrell,Peter J. Myler,Peter J. Myler +103 more
TL;DR: The organization of protein-coding genes into long, strand-specific, polycistronic clusters and lack of general transcription factors in the L. major, Trypanosoma brucei, and Tritryp genomes suggest that the mechanisms regulating RNA polymerase II–directed transcription are distinct from those operating in other eukaryotes, although the trypanosomatids appear capable of chromatin remodeling.
Journal ArticleDOI
Peroxiredoxins: a historical overview and speculative preview of novel mechanisms and emerging concepts in cell signaling.
TL;DR: The peroxiredoxin (Prx) enzyme as mentioned in this paper is an enzyme that protects against oxidation in a thiol-containing system and was shown to reduce hydroperoxides and peroxynitrite with the use of electrons provided by a physiological thiol like thioredoxin.
Journal ArticleDOI
The genome sequence of Trypanosoma cruzi, etiologic agent of Chagas disease
Najib M. El-Sayed,Peter J. Myler,Peter J. Myler,Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu,Daniel Nilsson,Gautam Aggarwal,Anh-Nhi Tran,Elodie Ghedin,Elizabeth A. Worthey,Arthur L. Delcher,Gaëlle Blandin,Scott J. Westenberger,Elisabet Caler,Gustavo C. Cerqueira,Carole Branche,Brian J. Haas,Atashi Anupama,Erik Arner,Lena Åslund,Philip Attipoe,Esteban J. Bontempi,Frédéric Bringaud,Peter Burton,Eithon Cadag,David A. Campbell,Mark Carrington,Jonathan Crabtree,Hamid Darban,José Franco da Silveira,Pieter J. de Jong,Kimberly Edwards,Paul T. Englund,Gholam Fazelina,Tamara Feldblyum,Marcela Ferella,Alberto C.C. Frasch,Keith Gull,David Horn,Lihua Hou,Yiting Huang,Ellen Kindlund,Michele M. Klingbeil,Sindy Kluge,Hean Koo,Daniela R. Lacerda,Mariano J. Levin,Hernan Lorenzi,Tin Louie,Carlos Renato Machado,Richard McCulloch,Alan McKenna,Yumi Mizuno,Jeremy C. Mottram,Siri Nelson,Stephen Ochaya,Kazutoyo Osoegawa,Grace Pai,Marilyn Parsons,Marilyn Parsons,Martin Pentony,Ulf Pettersson,Mihai Pop,José Luis Ramírez,Joel Rinta,Laura Robertson,Steven L. Salzberg,Daniel O. Sánchez,Amber Seyler,Reuben Sunil Kumar Sharma,Jyoti Shetty,Anjana J. Simpson,Ellen Sisk,Martti T. Tammi,Martti T. Tammi,Rick L. Tarleton,Santuza M. R. Teixeira,Susan Van Aken,Christy Vogt,Pauline N. Ward,Bill Wickstead,Jennifer R. Wortman,Owen White,Claire M. Fraser,Kenneth Stuart,Kenneth Stuart,Björn Andersson +85 more
TL;DR: Although the Tritryp lack several classes of signaling molecules, their kinomes contain a large and diverse set of protein kinases and phosphatases; their size and diversity imply previously unknown interactions and regulatory processes, which may be targets for intervention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Peroxiredoxin Evolution and the Regulation of Hydrogen Peroxide Signaling
TL;DR: It is suggested that this adaptation allows 2-Cys Prxs to act as floodgates, keeping resting levels of hydrogen peroxide low, while permitting higher levels during signal transduction, and is proposed to be the structural origins of sensitivity.
Related Papers (5)
Metabolism and functions of trypanothione in the kinetoplastida
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