Transcriptome analysis reveals new insight into appressorium formation and function in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.
Yeonyee Oh,Nicole M. Donofrio,Nicole M. Donofrio,Huaqin Pan,Huaqin Pan,Sean J. Coughlan,Douglas E Brown,Shaowu Meng,Thomas C. Mitchell,Thomas C. Mitchell,Ralph A. Dean +10 more
TLDR
In this paper, the authors performed a comprehensive genome-wide transcript profile study and functional analysis of infection structure formation by a fungal plant pathogen and found that protein degradation and amino acid metabolism are essential for appressorium formation and subsequent infection.Abstract:
Rice blast disease is caused by the filamentous Ascomycetous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and results in significant annual rice yield losses worldwide. Infection by this and many other fungal plant pathogens requires the development of a specialized infection cell called an appressorium. The molecular processes regulating appressorium formation are incompletely understood. We analyzed genome-wide gene expression changes during spore germination and appressorium formation on a hydrophobic surface compared to induction by cAMP. During spore germination, 2,154 (approximately 21%) genes showed differential expression, with the majority being up-regulated. During appressorium formation, 357 genes were differentially expressed in response to both stimuli. These genes, which we refer to as appressorium consensus genes, were functionally grouped into Gene Ontology categories. Overall, we found a significant decrease in expression of genes involved in protein synthesis. Conversely, expression of genes associated with protein and amino acid degradation, lipid metabolism, secondary metabolism and cellular transportation exhibited a dramatic increase. We functionally characterized several differentially regulated genes, including a subtilisin protease (SPM1) and a NAD specific glutamate dehydrogenase (Mgd1), by targeted gene disruption. These studies revealed hitherto unknown findings that protein degradation and amino acid metabolism are essential for appressorium formation and subsequent infection. We present the first comprehensive genome-wide transcript profile study and functional analysis of infection structure formation by a fungal plant pathogen. Our data provide novel insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms that will directly benefit efforts to identify fungal pathogenicity factors and aid the development of new disease management strategies.read more
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The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology
Ralph A. Dean,Jan A. L. van Kan,Zacharias A. Pretorius,Kim E. Hammond-Kosack,Antonio Di Pietro,Pietro Spanu,Jason J. Rudd,Martin B. Dickman,Regine Kahmann,Jeff Ellis,Gary D. Foster +10 more
TL;DR: A short resumé of each fungus in the Top 10 list and its importance is presented, with the intent of initiating discussion and debate amongst the plant mycology community, as well as laying down a bench-mark.
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Under pressure: Investigating the biology of plant infection by Magnaporthe oryzae
TL;DR: This work shows how functional genomics approaches are providing new insight into the genetic control of plant infection by M. oryzae, and looks ahead to the key questions that need to be addressed to provide a better understanding of the molecular processes that lead to plant disease and the prospects for sustainable control of rice blast.
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The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology: Top 10 fungal pathogens
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Genome sequencing and comparative transcriptomics of the model entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and M. acridum.
Qiang Gao,Kai Jin,Sheng-Hua Ying,Yongjun Zhang,Guohua Xiao,Yanfang Shang,Zhibing Duan,Xiao Xiao Hu,Xue-Qin Xie,Gang Zhou,Guoxiong Peng,Zhibing Luo,Wei Huang,Bing Wang,Weiguo Fang,Sibao Wang,Yi Zhong,Li-Jun Ma,Raymond J. St. Leger,Guoping Zhao,Yan Pei,Ming-Guang Feng,Yuxian Xia,Chengshu Wang +23 more
TL;DR: W Whole-genome analyses indicate that the genome structures of these two species are highly syntenic and suggest that the genus Metarhizium evolved from plant endophytes or pathogens, andTranscriptional analysis of both fungi during early infection processes provided further insights into the genes and pathways involved in infectivity and specificity.
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Translational Research on Trichoderma: From 'Omics to the Field
TL;DR: An overview of the latest discoveries on the Trichoderma expressome and metabolome is presented, of the complex and diverse biotic interactions established in nature by these microbes, and of their proven or potential importance to agriculture and industry.
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