Christ University

About: Christ University is a education organization based out in Bengaluru, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Computer science & Convection. The organization has 2267 authors who have published 2715 publications receiving 14575 citations. The organization is also known as: Christ College & Christ University.

Advances in Carbon–Element Bond Construction under Chan–Lam Cross-Coupling Conditions: A Second Decade

Abstract: Copper-mediated carbon–heteroatom bond-forming reactions involving a wide range of substrates have been in the spotlight for many organic chemists. This review highlights developments between 2010 and 2019 in both stoichiometric and catalytic copper-mediated reactions, and also examples of nickel-mediated reactions, under modified Chan–Lam cross-coupling conditions using various nucleophiles; examples include chemo- and regioselective N-arylations or O-arylations. The utilization of various nucleophiles as coupling partners together with reaction optimization (including the choice of copper source, ligands, base, and other additives), limitations, scope, and mechanisms are examined; these have benefitted the development of efficient and milder methods. The synthesis of medicinally valuable or pharmaceutically important nitrogen heterocycles, including isotope-labeled compounds, is also included. Chan–Lam coupling reaction can now form twelve different C–element bonds, making it one of the most diverse and mild reactions known in organic chemistry. 1 Introduction 2 Construction of C–N and C–O Bonds 2.1 C–N Bond Formation 2.1.1 Original Discovery via Stoichiometric Copper-Mediated C–N Bond Formation 2.1.2 Copper-Catalyzed C–N Bond Formation 2.1.3 Coupling with Azides, Sulfoximines, and Sulfonediimines as Nitrogen­ Nucleophiles 2.1.4 Coupling with N,N-Dialkylhydroxylamines 2.1.5 Enolate Coupling with sp3-Carbon Nucleophiles 2.1.6 Nickel-Catalyzed Chan–Lam Coupling 2.1.7 Coupling with Amino Acids 2.1.8 Coupling with Alkylboron Reagents 2.1.9 Coupling with Electron-Deficient Heteroarylamines 2.1.10 Selective C–N Bond Formation for the Synthesis of Heterocycle-Containing Compounds 2.1.11 Using Sulfonato-imino Copper(II) Complexes 2.2 C–O Bond Formation 2.2.1 Coupling with (Hetero)arylboron Reagents 2.2.2 Coupling with Alkyl- and Alkenylboron Reagents 3 C–Element (Element = S, P, C, F, Cl, Br, I, Se, Te, At) Bond Forma tion under Modified Chan–Lam Conditions 4 Conclusions

Application of Artificial Neural Networks in optimizing MPPT control for standalone solar PV system

Abstract: Increasing demand of power supply and the limited nature of fossil fuel has resulted for the world to focus on renewable energy resources Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy source being the most easily available, it is considered to have the potential to meet the ever increasing energy demand Developing an intelligent system with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to track the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of a PV Array is being proposed in this paper The system adopts Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) architecture to optimize the control of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for PV Systems A PV array has non-linear output characteristics due to the insolation, temperature variations and the optimum operating point needs to be tracked in order to draw maximum power from the system The output of the intelligent MPPT controller can be used to control the DC/DC converters to achieve maximum efficiency

Relationship between seasonal cambial activity, development of xylem and phenology in Azadirachta indica growing in different forests of Gujarat State

Abstract: Seasonal cycle of cambial activity was compared among the trees of Azadirachta indica growing in Moist Deciduous (MDF), Dry Deciduous (DDF) and Scrub land Forest (SF) of Gujarat State. Radial growth occurred in two growth flushes in MDF and DDF. Cambial cell divisions in MDF started in February and June resulting maximal radial growth in August-September when the rains were heavy and ceased in January and May during the drier part of the year. In DDF the first flush of growth commenced in January with maximal xylem development in April and ceased in May. The second flush of cambial activity began in June with the arrival of rains, reached peak in October and ceased in December. Cambium was active throughout the year in SF and attained its peak activity thrice i.e. in February, July and October. With complete maturation of leaves in November, the cell divisions were rather slow in MDF and SF whereas no divisions were encountered in DDF. Cambial rays exhibited large intercellular spaces during drier months in all the three fo- rests. Seasonal behavior of vascular cambium was discussed in relation to phenology and local climatic conditions.

Skin lesion classification using decision trees and random forest algorithms

Abstract: Any superficial skin growth that does not resemble the surrounding area is referred to as skin lesion. It can occur in the form of mole, bump, cyst, rash or other changes that can be classified either as primary or secondary lesion. While primary skin lesions correspond to those changes in color or texture, secondary lesions occur as a primary lesion progression. Skin lesion image segmentation and classification at the early stages can help the patients recover through proper medication and treatment. Many algorithms for segmentation and classification are available in the literature but they all fail to extract lesion boundaries perfectly and classify them with more accuracy. To improve the reliability of the skin image segmentation and classification, we propose to use decision trees and random forest algorithms in this works and compare them with different data sets. The proposed method can generate high-resolution feature maps that can help to preserve the spatial details of the image. While tested against the ISIC 2017 and HAM10000 dataset, we found that the proposed method is more accurate as compared to the existing algorithms in this domain and is also very robust to artifacts or hair fibers present in the skin images.