IBM

About: IBM is a company organization based out in Armonk, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Layer (electronics) & Signal. The organization has 134567 authors who have published 253905 publications receiving 7458795 citations. The organization is also known as: International Business Machines Corporation & Big Blue.

Stochastic phase-change neurons

Abstract: A nanoscale phase-change device can be used to create an artificial neuron that exhibits integrate-and-fire functionality with stochastic dynamics.

Supervised Discrete Hashing

Abstract: Recently, learning based hashing techniques have attracted broad research interests because they can support efficient storage and retrieval for high-dimensional data such as images, videos, documents, etc. However, a major difficulty of learning to hash lies in handling the discrete constraints imposed on the pursued hash codes, which typically makes hash optimizations very challenging (NP-hard in general). In this work, we propose a new supervised hashing framework, where the learning objective is to generate the optimal binary hash codes for linear classification. By introducing an auxiliary variable, we reformulate the objective such that it can be solved substantially efficiently by employing a regularization algorithm. One of the key steps in this algorithm is to solve a regularization sub-problem associated with the NP-hard binary optimization. We show that the sub-problem admits an analytical solution via cyclic coordinate descent. As such, a high-quality discrete solution can eventually be obtained in an efficient computing manner, therefore enabling to tackle massive datasets. We evaluate the proposed approach, dubbed Supervised Discrete Hashing (SDH), on four large image datasets and demonstrate its superiority to the state-of-the-art hashing methods in large-scale image retrieval.

Orthogonal defect classification-a concept for in-process measurements

Abstract: Orthogonal defect classification (ODC), a concept that enables in-process feedback to software developers by extracting signatures on the development process from defects, is described. The ideas are evolved from an earlier finding that demonstrates the use of semantic information from defects to extract cause-effect relationships in the development process. This finding is leveraged to develop a systematic framework for building measurement and analysis methods. The authors define ODC and discuss the necessary and sufficient conditions required to provide feedback to a developer; illustrate the use of the defect type distribution to measure the progress of a product through a process; illustrate the use of the defect trigger distribution to evaluate the effectiveness and eventually the completeness of verification processes such as inspection or testing; provides sample results from pilot projects using ODC; and open the doors to a wide variety of analysis techniques for providing effective and fast feedback based on the concepts of ODC. >

Observation of h/e Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in normal-metal rings.

Abstract: Magnetoresistance oscillations periodic with respect to the flux $\frac{h}{e}$ have been observed in submicron-diameter Au rings, along with weaker $\frac{h}{2e}$ oscillations. The $\frac{h}{e}$ oscillations persist to very large magnetic fields. The background structure in the magnetoresistance was not symmetric about zero field. The temperature dependence of both the amplitude of the oscillations and the background are consistent with the recent theory by Stone.

Finding an Extra Day a Week: The Positive Influence of Perceived Job Flexibility on Work and Family Life Balance*

Abstract: This study examines the influence of perceived flexibility in the timing and location of work on work-family balance. Data are from a 1996 International Business Machines (IBM) work and life issues survey in the United States (n = 6,451). Results indicate that perceived job flexibility is related to improved work-family balance after controlling for paid work hours, unpaid domestic labor hours, gender, marital status, and occupational level. Perceived job flexibility appears to be beneficial both to individuals and to businesses. Given the same workload, individuals with perceived job flexibility have more favorable work-family balance. Likewise, employees with perceived job flexibility are able to work longer hours before workload negatively impacts their work-family balance. Implications of these findings are presented. T he demographic composition of the United States workforce has changed dramatically in recent years. This work force now includes more dual-earner couples who have responsibility for the care of children or elderly dependents, as well as more dual-professional couples where both have careers, not just jobs (Bond, Galinsky, & Swanberg, 1998). In addition, extensive downsizing by large corporations has lengthened the average workweek for many employees. The average American worker now spends additional time equivalent to six extra 40hour weeks per year on the job, when compared with the late 1960s (Schor, 1992), and three extra 40-hour weeks compared with just five years ago (Bond et al.). This means that for many, especially for dual-career parents and those with elder-care responsibilities, juggling the demands of the workplace and the home has become a more difficult balancing act. Work-family advocates have long championed the adoption of a variety of family-friendly benefits to positively influence work-family balance (Galinsky, 1992). Flexibility in the timing