IBM

About: IBM is a company organization based out in Armonk, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Layer (electronics) & Signal. The organization has 134567 authors who have published 253905 publications receiving 7458795 citations. The organization is also known as: International Business Machines Corporation & Big Blue.

Dumbbell-like Bifunctional Au−Fe3O4 Nanoparticles

Abstract: Dumbbell-like Au−Fe3O4 nanoparticles are synthesized using decomposition of Fe(CO)5 on the surface of the Au nanoparticles followed by oxidation in 1-octadecene solvent. The size of the particles is tuned from 2 to 8 nm for Au and 4 nm to 20 nm for Fe3O4. The particles show the characteristic surface plasmon absorption of Au and the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 that are affected by the interactions between Au and Fe3O4. The dumbbell is formed through epitaxial growth of iron oxide on the Au seeds, and the growth can be affected by the polarity of the solvent, as the use of diphenyl ether results in flower-like Au−Fe3O4 nanoparticles.

Deep Learning with Limited Numerical Precision

Abstract: Training of large-scale deep neural networks is often constrained by the available computational resources. We study the effect of limited precision data representation and computation on neural network training. Within the context of lowprecision fixed-point computations, we observe the rounding scheme to play a crucial role in determining the network's behavior during training. Our results show that deep networks can be trained using only 16-bit wide fixed-point number representation when using stochastic rounding, and incur little to no degradation in the classification accuracy. We also demonstrate an energy-efficient hardware accelerator that implements low-precision fixed-point arithmetic with stochastic rounding.

Abstractive Text Summarization Using Sequence-to-Sequence RNNs and Beyond

Abstract: In this work, we model abstractive text summarization using Attentional Encoder-Decoder Recurrent Neural Networks, and show that they achieve state-of-the-art performance on two different corpora. We propose several novel models that address critical problems in summarization that are not adequately modeled by the basic architecture, such as modeling key-words, capturing the hierarchy of sentence-to-word structure, and emitting words that are rare or unseen at training time. Our work shows that many of our proposed models contribute to further improvement in performance. We also propose a new dataset consisting of multi-sentence summaries, and establish performance benchmarks for further research.

An Efficient System for Non-transferable Anonymous Credentials with Optional Anonymity Revocation

Abstract: A credential system is a system in which users can obtain credentials from organizations and demonstrate possession of these credentials. Such a system is anonymous when transactions carried out by the same user cannot be linked. An anonymous credential system is of significant practical relevance because it is the best means of providing privacy for users. In this paper we propose a practical anonymous credential system that is based on the strong RSA assumption and the decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption modulo a safe prime product and is considerably superior to existing ones: (1) We give the first practical solution that allows a user to unlinkably demonstrate possession of a credential as many times as necessary without involving the issuing organization. (2) To prevent misuse of anonymity, our scheme is the first to offer optional anonymity revocation for particular transactions. (3) Our scheme offers separability: all organizations can choose their cryptographic keys independently of each other. Moreover, we suggest more effective means of preventing users from sharing their credentials, by introducing all-or-nothing sharing: a user who allows a friend to use one of her credentials once, gives him the ability to use all of her credentials, i.e., taking over her identity. This is implemented by a new primitive, called circular encryption, which is of independent interest, and can be realized from any semantically secure cryptosystem in the random oracle model.

Oscillatory magnetic exchange coupling through thin copper layers

Abstract: Confirming theoretical predictions more than 25 years old, we show that Co slabs are indirectly exchange coupled via thin Cu layers with a coupling that alternates back and forth between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic Four oscillations are observed with a period of \ensuremath{\simeq}10 \AA{} Moreover, the antiferromagnetically coupled Co/Cu superlattices exhibit extraordinarily large saturation magnetoresistances at 300 K of more than 65%