Mahidol University

About: Mahidol University is a education organization based out in Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Malaria. The organization has 23758 authors who have published 39761 publications receiving 878781 citations.

Malaria: current status of control, diagnosis, treatment, and a proposed agenda for research and development

Abstract: 564 Rolling back malaria is possible. Tools are available but they are not used. Several countries deploy, as their national malaria control treatment policy, drugs that are no longer effective. New and innovative methods of vector control, diagnosis, and treatment should be developed, and work towards development of new drugs and a vaccine should receive much greater support. But the pressing need, in the face of increasing global mortality and general lack of progress in malaria control, is research into the best methods of deploying and using existing approaches, particularly insecticidetreated mosquito nets, rapid methods of diagnosis, and artemisinin-based combination treatments. Evidence on these approaches should provide national governments and international donors with the costbenefit information that would justify much-needed increases in global support for appropriate and effective malaria control.

Drug resistance in malaria

Abstract: Drug resistance in malaria is now widespread and in many parts of the world is making treatment increasingly difficult. This article reviews current knowledge of the mechanisms and extent of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax to the available antimalarial drugs, and the recommendations for treating malaria in regions where resistance is prevalent. Nearly 300 million people have malaria parasites in their blood as you read this article, and 0.5-2 million (mainly African children) will die from this parasitic infection each year. Of the four human parasites only P. falciparum regularly kills. This parasite has developed resistance to nearly all available antimalarial drugs1*2. Most important of these is chloroquine, a cheap, simply administered and relatively well-tolerated antimalarial that had become the mainstay of antimalarial treatment throughout the tropical world. In recent years P. vivax, particularly from Oceania and some parts of south-east Asia, has also developed resistance to chloroquine. Antimalarial drugs Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors Proguanil, chlorproguanil, and later pyrimethamine were developed shortly after the second world war. The antimalarial biguanides, proguanil and chlorproguanil, are metabolised to the active cyclic triazine correspondence to metabolites, cycloguanil and chlorcycloguanil, respectively. These two prof N J white. Faculty of metabolites, together with pyrimethamine, and the related antibacterial Tropical Medicine trimethoprim, all selectively inhibit plasmodial dihydrofolate reductase

Spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between the community and the hospitals in Asian countries: an ANSORP study

Abstract: Objectives Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is highly prevalent in hospitals in many Asian countries. Recent emergence of community-associated (CA) MRSA worldwide has added another serious concern to the epidemiology of S. aureus infections. To understand the changing epidemiology of S. aureus infections in Asian countries, we performed a prospective, multinational surveillance study with molecular typing analysis. Methods We evaluated the prevalence of methicillin resistance in S. aureus isolates in CA and healthcare-associated (HA) infections, and performed molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility tests of MRSA isolates. Results MRSA accounted for 25.5% of CA S. aureus infections and 67.4% of HA infections. Predominant clones of CA-MRSA isolates were ST59-MRSA-SCCmec type IV-spa type t437, ST30-MRSA-SCCmec type IV-spa type t019 and ST72-MRSA-SCCmec type IV-spa type t324. Previously established nosocomial MRSA strains including sequence type (ST) 239 and ST5 clones were found among CA-MRSA isolates from patients without any risk factors for HA-MRSA infection. CA-MRSA clones such as ST59, ST30 and ST72 were also isolated from patients with HA infections. Conclusions Our findings confirmed that MRSA infections in the community have been increasing in Asian countries. Data also suggest that various MRSA clones have spread between the community and hospitals as well as between countries.