Mahidol University

About: Mahidol University is a education organization based out in Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Malaria. The organization has 23758 authors who have published 39761 publications receiving 878781 citations.

The prehistoric peopling of Southeast Asia.

Abstract: The human occupation history of Southeast Asia (SEA) remains heavily debated Current evidence suggests that SEA was occupied by Hoabinhian hunter-gatherers until ~4000 years ago, when farming economies developed and expanded, restricting foraging groups to remote habitats Some argue that agricultural development was indigenous; others favor the "two-layer" hypothesis that posits a southward expansion of farmers giving rise to present-day Southeast Asian genetic diversity By sequencing 26 ancient human genomes (25 from SEA, 1 Japanese Jōmon), we show that neither interpretation fits the complexity of Southeast Asian history: Both Hoabinhian hunter-gatherers and East Asian farmers contributed to current Southeast Asian diversity, with further migrations affecting island SEA and Vietnam Our results help resolve one of the long-standing controversies in Southeast Asian prehistory

Survival rate and risk factors of mortality among HIV/tuberculosis-coinfected patients with and without antiretroviral therapy.

Abstract: The impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on survival among patients coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis (TB) has not been well established. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV-infected patients with TB between January 2000 and December 2004. Patients were categorized into ART+ group (received ART) and ART- group (did not receive ART) and were followed until April 2005. A total of 1003 patients were identified; 411 in ART+ group and 592 in ART- group. Median (interquartile range) CD4 count was 53 (20-129) cells/mm3. Survival rates at 1 2 and 3 years after TB diagnosis were 96.1% 94.0% and 87.7% for ART+ group and 44.4% 19.2% and 9.3% for ART- group (log-rank test P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazard model showed that ART was associated with lower mortality rate; gastrointestinal TB and multidrug resistant TB were associated with higher mortality rate (P < 0.05). Among patients in ART+ group the patients who delayed ART = 6 months after TB diagnosis had a higher mortality rate than those who initiated ART < 6 months after TB diagnosis (P 0.018 hazard ratio = 2.651 95% confidence interval = 1.152-6.102). Antiretroviral therapy substantially reduces mortality rate among HIV/TB-coinfected patients. Initiation of ART within 6 months of TB diagnosis is associated with greater survival. (authors)

Liver fluke‐associated cholangiocarcinoma

Abstract: Background: Infection with liver flukes has been reported to be associated with bile duct malignancy. Methods: The review is based on a literature search (Medline) and, in some cases, direct contact with authors or principal investigators. Results: A large body of evidence indicates that Opisthorchis viverrini is a definite cause of human cholangiocarcinoma, whereas Clonorchis sinensis is a probable cause. The evidence regarding Opisthorchis felineus is insufficient to assess its role in carcinogenesis. Possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis include chronic irritation, nitric oxide formation, intrinsic nitrosation and activation of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Early detection of bile duct malignancy is difficult and not clinically available at present, although cholangiocarcinoma-associated soluble antigen has been reported in an experimental study to be a useful early marker of cancer development. Long-term survival after surgical treatment of liver fluke-associated cancer is similar to that reported in patients without liver fluke infestation. Conclusion: Liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma is still a health problem in developing countries. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis should be explored further in order to reduce the impact of this disease. © 2002 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd