National Physical Laboratory

About: National Physical Laboratory is a facility organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Dielectric & Thin film. The organization has 7615 authors who have published 13327 publications receiving 319381 citations.

Viscosities of ironmaking and steelmaking slags

Abstract: A model based on the optical basicity corrected for the cations required for the charge balance of AlO5-4 is investigated. This model has the advantage of being generally applicable and not limited to slags of a certain composition. The calculated results were in reasonable agreement with traceable experimental data for a range of synthetic slags and industrial iron- and steelmaking slags. The latter included mould fluxes and blast furnace, steelmaking and coal slags. For most slag compositions here, the viscosities predicted with the present model were in better agreement with the measured values than those predicted by the Riboud and Urbain models; coal slags were the only exception. In the case of CaF2 containing slags, the results indicate that an optical basicity of CaF2 of 1·2 provided the best fit to the viscosity data.

Modification to the JPC79 Colour–difference Formula

Abstract: The JPC79 colour–difference formula has represented a substantial improvement over earlier formulae and is being applied successfully in industrial shade passing. Modifications are described which overcome certain problems and, to some extent, simplify the formula. With available experimental data, the modified version performed even better than the original formula. Perceptibility data are fitted better by increasing the JPC79 lightness weighting by a factor of two. The new formula, designated CMC (: c), has the best overall performance of any formula so far published.

Two-dimensional superconductivity at a Mott insulator/band insulator interface LaTiO3/SrTiO3.

Abstract: Transition metal oxides show a great variety of quantum electronic behaviours where correlations often have an important role. The achievement of high-quality epitaxial interfaces involving such materials gives a unique opportunity to engineer artificial structures where new electronic orders take place. One of the most striking result in this area is the recent observation of a two-dimensional electron gas at the interface between a strongly correlated Mott insulator LaTiO(3) and a band insulator SrTiO(3). The mechanism responsible for such a behaviour is still under debate. In particular, the influence of the nature of the insulator has to be clarified. In this article, we show that despite the expected electronic correlations, LaTiO(3)/SrTiO(3) heterostructures undergo a superconducting transition at a critical temperature T(c)(onset)~300 mK. We have found that the superconducting electron gas is confined over a typical thickness of 12 nm and is located mostly on the SrTiO(3) substrate.