National Physical Laboratory

About: National Physical Laboratory is a facility organization based out in London, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Dielectric & Thin film. The organization has 7615 authors who have published 13327 publications receiving 319381 citations.

Marangoni effects in welding

Abstract: The problem of it variable weld penetration or casttocast variation in GTA/TIG welding is discussed. It is shown that for normal GTA/TIG welding conditions the HeipleRoper theory is valid, i.e. tha...

A Cryogenic Radiometer for Absolute Radiometric Measurements

Abstract: The adoption in 1979 of a new definition of the candela, which permitted a detector-based approach to the realization of the unit, has emphasized the importance of high-accuracy absolute radiation detectors. This paper describes a new electrical-substitution absolute radiometer operating at 5 K, based on a standard commercial helium cryostat, which has been developed at NPL for optical radiant-power measurements. The principal advantages of operating the radiometer at liquid helium temperatures are that the detector can be a large, highly absorbing cavity (absorptivity 99.998%) and that exact equivalence of electrical and radiant heating can be clearly demonstrated. It will be the primary absolute detector for a new realization of the candela at NPL and will provide the basis for the development of a wider range of radiometric and spectroradiometric standards. The use of the radiometer to measure the radiant power of an intensity-stabilized laser source at the milliwatt level with an uncertainty of 4 parts in 105 is also described, together with its application in the determination of the responsivity of transfer-standard detectors, such as silicon photodiodes.