Institution
University of Iceland
Education•Reykjavik, Suðurnes, Iceland•
About: University of Iceland is a education organization based out in Reykjavik, Suðurnes, Iceland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Genome-wide association study. The organization has 5423 authors who have published 16199 publications receiving 694762 citations. The organization is also known as: Háskóli Íslands.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: One of the largest genetic studies of bilirubin to date confirms the substantial genetic influence of UGT1A1 variants, consistent with past linkage and association studies, and provides strong evidence of a role for allelic variation in SLCO1B1.
Abstract: Variation in serum bilirubin is associated with altered cardiovascular disease risk and drug metabolism. We aimed to identify genetic contributors to variability in serum bilirubin levels by combining results from three genome-wide association studies (Framingham heart study, n = 3424; Rotterdam study, n = 3847; Age, Gene, Environment and Susceptibility-Reykjavik, n = 2193). Meta-analysis showed strong replication for a genetic influence on serum bilirubin levels of the UGT1A1 locus (P < 5 x 10(-324)) and a 12p12.2 locus. The peak signal in the 12p12.2 region was a non-synonymous SNP in SLCO1B1 (rs4149056, P = 6.7 x 10(-13)), which gives rise to a valine to alanine amino acid change leading to reduced activity for a hepatic transporter with known affinity for bilirubin. There were also suggestive associations with several other loci. The top variants in UGT1A1 and SLCO1B1 explain approximately 18.0 and approximately 1.0% of the variation in total serum bilirubin levels, respectively. In a conditional analysis adjusted for individual genotypes for the top UGT1A1 variant, the top SLCO1B1 variant remained highly significant (P = 7.3 x 10(-13)), but no other variants achieved genome-wide significance. In one of the largest genetic studies of bilirubin to date (n = 9464), we confirm the substantial genetic influence of UGT1A1 variants, consistent with past linkage and association studies, and additionally provide strong evidence of a role for allelic variation in SLCO1B1. Given the involvement of bilirubin in a number of physiological and disease processes, and the roles for UGT1A1 and SLCO1B1 in drug metabolism, these genetic findings have potential clinical importance. In analyses for association with gallbladder disease or gallstones, top bilirubin SNPs in UGT1A1 and SLCO1B1 were not associated.
219 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors present an optical flux vs. X-ray flux diagram for all known gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) for which an Xray afterglow has been detected, and propose an operational definition of dark bursts as those bursts that are optically subluminous with respect to the fireball model.
Abstract: We present an optical flux vs. X-ray flux diagram for all known gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) for which an X-ray afterglow has been detected. We propose an operational definition of dark bursts as those bursts that are optically subluminous with respect to the fireball model, i.e., which have an optical-to-X-ray spectral indexOX < 0.5. Out of a sample of 52 GRBs we identify 5 dark bursts. The definition and diagram serve as a simple and quick diagnostic tool for identifying dark GRBs based on limited information, particularly useful for early and objective identification of dark GRBs observed with the Swift satellite. Subject headings: dust, extinction — galaxies: high-redshift — gamma rays: bursts large differences in localisation accuracies, localisation time since the onset of the burst, and search strate- gies. Moreover, effects of observing conditions (e.g., lu- nar phase) have generally not been taken into account in statistical studies. In many cases, GRBs have been con- sidered dark if no OA was detected, irrespective of how inefficient the search was. In fact, there is no generally accepted criterion for when a GRB is considered dark. With the launch of the Swift satellite it will be essential to have a quick diagnostic tool to flag dark bursts for im- mediate and/or detailed follow-up (including the near-IR bands) to ensure homogeneity of samples. In this Let- ter we present a GRB diagram of the optical flux (Fopt) vs. the X-ray flux (FX) and propose that those bursts which are optically subluminous with respect to the fire- ball model, i.e., which have an optical-to-X-ray spectral indexOX < 0.5, be defined as dark.
219 citations
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University of Regensburg1, Boston University2, Johns Hopkins University3, University of Freiburg4, University of Washington5, University of Lübeck6, Harvard University7, University of Greifswald8, University of Maryland, Baltimore9, Memorial Hospital of South Bend10, National Institutes of Health11, University of California, San Francisco12, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics13, University of Lausanne14, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust15, Jackson State University16, Loyola University Chicago17, University of Groningen18, University of Iceland19, Wake Forest University20, Mayo Clinic21, Western General Hospital22, Innsbruck Medical University23, Leipzig University24, Karolinska Institutet25, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill26, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston27, University of Pennsylvania28, Group Health Cooperative29, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center30, GlaxoSmithKline31, Broad Institute32, University of Pittsburgh33, Norwegian University of Science and Technology34, Uppsala University35, University of Ulm36, Heidelberg University37, Université catholique de Louvain38, University of Oxford39, University of Edinburgh40, University of Michigan41, University of Toronto42, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich43, University of Mississippi44
TL;DR: A missense CUBN variant is identified that associates with levels of albuminuria in both the general population and in individuals with diabetes.
Abstract: Identification of genetic risk factors for albuminuria may alter strategies for early prevention of CKD progression, particularly among patients with diabetes. Little is known about the influence of common genetic variants on albuminuria in both general and diabetic populations. We performed a meta-analysis of data from 63,153 individuals of European ancestry with genotype information from genome-wide association studies (CKDGen Consortium) and from a large candidate gene study (CARe Consortium) to identify susceptibility loci for the quantitative trait urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and the clinical diagnosis microalbuminuria. We identified an association between a missense variant (I2984V) in the CUBN gene, which encodes cubilin, and both UACR (P = 1.1 × 10(-11)) and microalbuminuria (P = 0.001). We observed similar associations among 6981 African Americans in the CARe Consortium. The associations between this variant and both UACR and microalbuminuria were significant in individuals of European ancestry regardless of diabetes status. Finally, this variant associated with a 41% increased risk for the development of persistent microalbuminuria during 20 years of follow-up among 1304 participants with type 1 diabetes in the prospective DCCT/EDIC Study. In summary, we identified a missense CUBN variant that associates with levels of albuminuria in both the general population and in individuals with diabetes.
219 citations
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TL;DR: The results underscore the importance of vaccination, surveillance, and thromboprophylaxis after splenectomy and many of the observed risks were increased more than 10 years aftersplenectomy.
Abstract: Although preservation of the spleen following abdominal trauma and spleen-preserving surgical procedures have become gold standards, about 22,000 splenectomies are still conducted annually in the USA. Infections, mostly by encapsulated organisms, are the most well-known complications following splenectomy. Recently, thrombosis and cancer have become recognized as potential adverse outcomes post-splenectomy. Among more than 4 million hospitalized USA veterans, we assessed incidence and mortality due to infections, thromboembolism, and cancer including 8,149 cancer-free veterans who underwent splenectomy with a follow-up of up to 27 years. Relative risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using time-dependent Poisson regression methods for cohort data. Splenectomized patients had an increased risk of being hospitalized for pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia (rate ratios=1.9–3.4); deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (rate ratios=2.2); certain solid tumors: buccal, esophagus, liver, colon, pancreas, lung, and prostate (rate ratios =1.3–1.9); and hematologic malignancies: non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, and any leukemia (rate ratios =1.8–6.0). They also had an increased risk of death due to pneumonia and septicemia (rate ratios =1.6–3.0); pulmonary embolism and coronary artery disease (rate ratios =1.4–4.5); any cancer: liver, pancreas, and lung cancer, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and any leukemia (rate ratios =1.3–4.7). Many of the observed risks were increased more than 10 years after splenectomy. Our results underscore the importance of vaccination, surveillance, and thromboprophylaxis after splenectomy.
219 citations
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TL;DR: While the concept of mucoadhesion was thought to provide an intensified and prolonged contact to mucosal absorption sites, mucopenetrating properties are nowadays being discussed for (nano)particulate carriers to overcome the mucus as a barrier and enhance drug delivery through mucus.
219 citations
Authors
Showing all 5561 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Albert Hofman | 267 | 2530 | 321405 |
Kari Stefansson | 206 | 794 | 174819 |
Ronald Klein | 194 | 1305 | 149140 |
Eric Boerwinkle | 183 | 1321 | 170971 |
Unnur Thorsteinsdottir | 167 | 444 | 121009 |
Vilmundur Gudnason | 159 | 837 | 123802 |
Hakon Hakonarson | 152 | 968 | 101604 |
Bernhard O. Palsson | 147 | 831 | 85051 |
Andrew T. Hattersley | 146 | 768 | 106949 |
Fernando Rivadeneira | 146 | 628 | 86582 |
Rattan Lal | 140 | 1383 | 87691 |
Jonathan G. Seidman | 137 | 563 | 89782 |
Christine E. Seidman | 134 | 519 | 67895 |
Augustine Kong | 134 | 237 | 89818 |
Timothy M. Frayling | 133 | 500 | 100344 |