Institution
University of Iceland
Education•Reykjavik, Suðurnes, Iceland•
About: University of Iceland is a education organization based out in Reykjavik, Suðurnes, Iceland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Genome-wide association study. The organization has 5423 authors who have published 16199 publications receiving 694762 citations. The organization is also known as: Háskóli Íslands.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: IOP was found to be independent of age and significantly higher in females than in males and Radius of CC was finding to be age-independent and significantly steeper in females more than in Males.
Abstract: .
Purpose: To establish a population profile of central corneal thickness (CCT), radius of the corneal curvature (CC) and intraocular pressure (IOP) and the relationships between them using non-contact techniques.
Methods: We used a population-based random sample of 415 male and 510 female Caucasians aged 50 years and older. CCT and the radius of CC were measured with Scheimpflug anterior segment photography. IOP was measured with air-puff tonometry.
Results: The mean IOP of right eyes was 15.1 mmHg (SD 3.3) among men and 15.8 mmHg among women (SD 3.1), which is a statistically significant difference. The mean radius of CC for male right eyes was 7.78 (SD 0.60) and for females 7.62 (SD 0.58) which is also statistically significant. Mean CCT for male right eyes was 0.528 mm (SD 0.041) and for females 0.526 mm (SD 0.037), which is not a significant difference. Linear regression analysis shows no relationship between the radius of CC and IOP or between age and radius of CC. Linear regression analysis of the relationship between CCT and IOP suggests higher IOP measurements with thicker corneas. There was no significant correlation between age and CCT.
Conclusion: IOP was found to be independent of age and significantly higher in females than in males. Radius of CC was found to be age-independent and significantly steeper in females than in males. CCT appears to be independent of age and gender. Greater CCT is associated with higher mean IOP.
197 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a study was made of 903 fractures, most of which are of postglacial age, on the Reykjanes Peninsula, and they were studied in great detail.
196 citations
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TL;DR: The Krafla swarm as discussed by the authors is an 80 km-long and as much as 10 km-wide zone of tension fractures, normal faults, and volcanic fissures, and the average length of 1,083 measured tectonic fractures is about 350 m, the maximum length being 3.5 km.
Abstract: During the past 12 yr, a major volcano-tectonic episode occurred in the Krafla fissure swarm at the divergent plate boundary in north-east Iceland. This swarm is an 80-km-long and as much as 10-km-wide zone of tension fractures, normal faults, and volcanic fissures. The average length of 1,083 measured tectonic fractures is about 350 m, the maximum length being 3.5 km, and the average estimated depth is of the order of 102 m. Most fractures strike north to north-northeast, with widths as much as 40 m and throws of as much as 42 m. Pure tension fractures are most common, but as they grow they commonly change into normal faults. Most fractures gradually thin out at their ends, but several exceptionally wide tension fractures end in tectonic caves, several tens of meters long, only a few meters beneath the surface. The total dilation measured in 5 profiles across the Krafla swarm reaches a maximum of at least 80 m and decreases from south to north along the swarm. Some 20 intrusive events and 9 eruptive events occurred during this volcano-tectonic episode. New lavas covered many old fractures, but several new fractures were also formed and many old ones grew. New lava flowed into some of the major fractures in the area, presumably forming pseudodikes. Locally, magma used a part of a pre-existing fracture as a pathway to the surface. Small width: length ratios of the normal faults, as compared with such ratios of the tension fractures, are attributed to the tendency of tension fractures to close as they develop into normal faults. It is concluded that divergent plate movements with dike intrusions, or pressure changes in a deep-seated changes in a deep-seated magma reservoir, are viable models for formation of the fractures.
196 citations
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TL;DR: When planning prosthetic rehabilitations, conventional end-abutment tooth-supported FDP, solely implant- supported FDP or implant-supported SC should be the first treatment option and only as a second option, because of reasons such as financial aspects patient-centered preferences or anatomical structures cantilever tooth- Supported F DP, combined tooth-implant-supportedFDP or resin-bonded bridges should be chosen.
Abstract: The objective of this report is to summarize the results on survival and complication rates of different designs of fixed dental prostheses (FDP) published in a series of systematic reviews. Moreover, the various parameters for survival and risk assessment are to be used in attempt to perform treatment planning on the basis of scientific evidence. Three electronic searches complemented by manual searching were conducted to identify prospective and retrospective cohort studies on FDP and implant-supported single crowns (SC) with a mean follow-up time of at least 5 years. Patients had to have been examined clinically at the follow-up visit. Failure and complication rates were analyzed using random-effects Poisson regression models to obtain summary estimates of 5- and 10-year survival proportions. Meta-analysis of the studies included indicated an estimated 5-year survival of conventional tooth-supported FDP of 93.8%, cantilever FDP of 91.4%, solely implant-supported FDP of 95.2%, combined tooth-implant-supported FDP of 95.5% and implant-supported SC of 94.5% as well as resin-bonded bridges 87.7%. Moreover, after 10 years of function the estimated survival decreased to 89.2% for conventional FDP, to 80.3% for cantilever FDP, to 86.7% for implant-supported FDP, to 77.8% for combined tooth-implant-supported FDP, to 89.4% for implant-supported SC and to 65% for resin-bonded bridges. When planning prosthetic rehabilitations, conventional end-abutment tooth-supported FDP, solely implant-supported FDP or implant-supported SC should be the first treatment option. Only as a second option, because of reasons such as financial aspects patient-centered preferences or anatomical structures cantilever tooth-supported FDP, combined tooth-implant-supported FDP or resin-bonded bridges should be chosen.
196 citations
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Erasmus University Rotterdam1, University of Queensland2, University of Bristol3, University of Cambridge4, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia5, Novo Nordisk6, University of Copenhagen7, Leiden University8, Universidade Federal de Pelotas9, California Pacific Medical Center10, University of Eastern Finland11, Westlake University12, McGill University13, Hangzhou Normal University14, University of Western Australia15, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital16, Boston University17, University of Gothenburg18, deCODE genetics19, Wayne State University20, National Institutes of Health21, University of Edinburgh22, Bar-Ilan University23, University of Amsterdam24, Wake Forest University25, Lund University26, University of California, Davis27, King's College London28, Ohio State University29, University of Iceland30, VU University Amsterdam31, Oregon Health & Science University32, University of Pennsylvania33, Kaiser Permanente34, University of Washington35, University of Ioannina36, Mayo Clinic37, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences38, Imperial College London39, Garvan Institute of Medical Research40, University of Rochester41
TL;DR: TB-BMD is revealed as a relevant trait for genetic studies of osteoporosis, enabling the identification of variants and pathways influencing different bone compartments and their effect can be captured throughout the life course.
Abstract: Bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by DXA is used to evaluate bone health. In children, total body (TB) measurements are commonly used; in older individuals, BMD at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) is used to diagnose osteoporosis. To date, genetic variants in more than 60 loci have been identified as associated with BMD. To investigate the genetic determinants of TB-BMD variation along the life course and test for age-specific effects, we performed a meta-analysis of 30 genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of TB-BMD including 66,628 individuals overall and divided across five age strata, each spanning 15 years. We identified variants associated with TB-BMD at 80 loci, of which 36 have not been previously identified; overall, they explain approximately 10% of the TB-BMD variance when combining all age groups and influence the risk of fracture. Pathway and enrichment analysis of the association signals showed clustering within gene sets implicated in the regulation of cell growth and SMAD proteins, overexpressed in the musculoskeletal system, and enriched in enhancer and promoter regions. These findings reveal TB-BMD as a relevant trait for genetic studies of osteoporosis, enabling the identification of variants and pathways influencing different bone compartments. Only variants in ESR1 and close proximity to RANKL showed a clear effect dependency on age. This most likely indicates that the majority of genetic variants identified influence BMD early in life and that their effect can be captured throughout the life course.
195 citations
Authors
Showing all 5561 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Albert Hofman | 267 | 2530 | 321405 |
Kari Stefansson | 206 | 794 | 174819 |
Ronald Klein | 194 | 1305 | 149140 |
Eric Boerwinkle | 183 | 1321 | 170971 |
Unnur Thorsteinsdottir | 167 | 444 | 121009 |
Vilmundur Gudnason | 159 | 837 | 123802 |
Hakon Hakonarson | 152 | 968 | 101604 |
Bernhard O. Palsson | 147 | 831 | 85051 |
Andrew T. Hattersley | 146 | 768 | 106949 |
Fernando Rivadeneira | 146 | 628 | 86582 |
Rattan Lal | 140 | 1383 | 87691 |
Jonathan G. Seidman | 137 | 563 | 89782 |
Christine E. Seidman | 134 | 519 | 67895 |
Augustine Kong | 134 | 237 | 89818 |
Timothy M. Frayling | 133 | 500 | 100344 |