University of Madras

About: University of Madras is a education organization based out in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Ring (chemistry) & Lipid peroxidation. The organization has 8496 authors who have published 11369 publications receiving 211152 citations. The organization is also known as: Madras University & University of Chennai.

Protective effect of Terminalia chebula against experimental myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol.

Abstract: Cardioprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Terminalia chebula fruits (500 mg/kg body wt) was examined in isoproterenol (200 mg/kg body wt) induced myocardial damage in rats. In isoproterenol administered rats, the level of lipid peroxides increased significantly in the serum and heart. A significant decrease was observed in the activity of the myocardial marker enzymes with a concomitant increase in their activity in serum. Histopathological examination was carried out to confirm the myocardial necrosis. T. chebula extract pretreatment was found to ameliorate the effect of isoproterenol on lipid peroxide formation and retained the activities of the diagnostic marker enzymes.

Localization of a gene for otosclerosis to chromosome 15q25-q26

Abstract: Among white adults otosclerosis is the single most common cause of hearing impairment. Although the genetics of this disease are controversial, the majority of studies indicate autosomal dominant inheritance with reduced penetrance. We studied a large multi-generational family in which otosclerosis has been inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Five of16 affected persons have surgically confirmed otosclerosis; the remaining nine have a conductive hearing loss but have not undergone corrective surgery. To locate the disease-causing gene we completed genetic linkage analysis using short tandem repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) distributed over the entire genome. Multipoint linkage analysis showed that only one genomic region, on chromosome 15q, generated a lod score >2.0. Additional STRPs were typed in this area, resulting in a lod score of 3.4. STRPs FES (centromeric) and D15S657 (telomeric) flank the 14. 5 cM region that contains an otosclerosis gene.

Quercetin-induced growth inhibition and cell death in prostatic carcinoma cells (PC-3) are associated with increase in p21 and hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma proteins expression.

Abstract: Prostate cancer is the major health problem and the leading cause of male cancer death. Quercetin is a novel antitumor and antioxidant, whose molecular mechanism involved in cell cycle arrest in androgen independent prostate cancer cells remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of quercetin on proliferation and cell cycle arrest by modulation of Cdc2/Cdk-1 protein in prostate cancer cells (PC-3). PC- 3 cells are human androgen independent cancer cells and were cultured with quercetin at concentrations of 50 and 100 μM for 24 h. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were analyzed. Expression of Cdc2/Cdk-1, cyclin B1, cyclin A, p21/Cip1, pRb, pRb2/p130, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bax and caspase-3 proteins were studied with western blot analysis. Addition of quercetin led to substantial decrease in the expression of Cdc2/Cdk-1, cyclin B1 and phosphorlyated pRb and increase in p21. Flowcytometric analysis showed that quercetin blocks G2-M transition, with significant induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis markers like Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL were significantly decreased and Bax and caspase-3 were increased. From this study, it was concluded that quercetin inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation by altering the expression of cell cycle regulators and apoptotic proteins.

Synthesis and Characterization of Rare Earth Ion Doped Nano ZnO

Abstract: Zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with erbium at different concentrations was synthesized by solid-state reaction method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), UV-absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) study and vibrating sample magnetometer. The XRD studies exhibit the presence of wurtzite crystal structure similar to the parent compound ZnO in 1% Er3+ doped ZnO, suggesting that doped Er3+ ions sit at the regular Zn2+ sites. However, same studies spread over the samples with Er3+ content>1% reveals the occurrence of secondary phase. SEM images of 1% Er3+ doped ZnO show the polycrystalline nature of the synthesized sample. UV-visible absorption spectrum of Er3+ doped ZnO nanocrystals shows a strong absorption peak at 388 nm due to ZnO band to band transition. The PL study exhibits emission in the visible region, due to excitonic as well as defect related transitions. The magnetization-field curve of Er3+ doped ZnO nanocrystals showed ferromagnetic property at room-temperature.