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University of Mannheim

EducationMannheim, Germany
About: University of Mannheim is a education organization based out in Mannheim, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Context (language use) & Politics. The organization has 4448 authors who have published 12918 publications receiving 446557 citations. The organization is also known as: Uni Mannheim & UMA.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Patients treated with VPA and their families must be made well aware of the clinical symptoms of hepatotoxicity such as apathy, vomiting, or increased seizure frequency, especially in the presence of febrile infections.
Abstract: Summary: Since our last report on valproate (VPA)-related hepatotoxicity in 1988, 8 other children have died of VPA-associated liver failure in Germany and Switzerland. We compared the clinical course of these children with that of 6 children with a reversible outcome of severe hepatotoxicity related to VPA. Thirty-five percent of patients with fatal liver failure were normally developed, 23.5% were receiving VPA monotherapy, and 35·3% were aged s2 years. The initial clinical symptoms of VPA-related hepatotoxicity were nausea, vomiting, apathy or coma, and increasing seizures in more than 50% of patients, in combination with febrile infections at onset of symptoms. As compared with the series of German patients reported in 1988, one third of the fatalities occurred after the first 6 months of therapy as compared with 6% in the 1988 series. Clinical symptoms and laboratory findings were the same in patients with reversible and with fatal outcome. Early or immediate withdrawal of VPA after the first signs of VPA-associated hepatotoxicity may be responsible for the increased number of children who recovered after VPA-related severe liver failure. The pathogenesis of liver failure during VPA treatment remains unknown; metabolic defects and cofactors such as polypharmacy or infections have become increasingly likely to contribute by depleting intracellular CoA. Worldwide, 132 patients have died of VPA-associated liver failure and/or pancreatitis. Because a group at risk for fatalities with VPA cannot be defined precisely, patients treated with VPA and their families must be made well aware of the clinical symptoms of hepatotoxicity such as apathy, vomiting, or increased seizure frequency, especially in the presence of febrile infections. Laboratory tests and clinical controls during the first 6 months of therapy should not be neglected. ReSUMe On presente le cas de 8 enfants morts pendant le traitement a l'acide valproique (VPA) en Allemagne et en Suisse depuis 1988. Chez 2 enfants, le developpement psychomoteur a ete normal. Deux enfants etaient sous monotraitement au VPA, 2 enfants etaient âges de moins de trois ans. Deux enfants montraient les premiers symptomes apres les 6 premier mois du traitement, ce qui a ete le cas seulement chez 6% des patients presentes en 1988 (Scheffner et al., 1988). Les premiers symptdmes de l'hepatotoxicite menancante etaient nausee, vomissement et apathie, frequemment en combinaison avec une infection febrile, chez les 8 enfants morts comme chez 6 enfants dont l'hepatotoxicite etait reversible, qui sont egalement presentes en detail dans cette communication. Les paramteres de laboratoire correspondaient a la defaillance hepatique chez tous les enfants. L'interval entre les premiers symptomes jusqu'a la discontinuation du VPA s'est raccourci a quelques jours depuis 1988, ce qui pourrait expliquer l'augmentation relative des cas reversibles. Le metabolite anorma1 4-ene-VPA ne joue aucun role ni pour la detection ni pour le traitement de la defaillance hepatique. Les mecanismes pathogeniques decesifs restent obscurs, une depletion intracellulaire du CoA soit en combinaison avec des maladies metaboliques ou soit avec une polytherapie ou une infection febrile paraissent au centre du pathomechanism. Au total, 132 cas d'hepatotoxicite fatale en relation avec le traitement au VPA ont ete decrits dans le monde entier. Comme il est impossible de delimiter avec precision un groupe au risque majeur pendant le traitement au VPA, les symptomes cliniques de l'hepatotoxicite menancante doivent etre bien connus B chaque patient traite au VPA et a sa famille. Des controles cliniques et des examens de laboratoire au moins une fois par mois pendant le six premiers mois du traitement ne doivent pas etre negliges. L'augmentation du pourcentage de l'hepatotoxicite reversible indique la possibilite de diminuer les complications fatals en se toujours rendant compte du probleme de l'hepatotoxicite pendant le traitement au VPA. RESUMEN Se presenta 8 pacientes fallecidos durante el tratamiento con acido valproico (VPA) en Alemania y en Suiza desde 1988. En 2 de los ninos el desarollo psicomotor era normal, 2 estaban bajo monoterapia, 2 eran menores de 3 anos. Dos de los ninos mostraban sus primeros sintomas de la hepatotoxicidad amenazadora despues de los 6 primeros meses del tratamiento, un porcentaje mucho mas elevado que los 6% encontrados en 1988 (Scheffner et al., 1988). Los primeros sintomas eran nausea, vomito, y apatia, frequentemente juntos con una infecion febril, sin diferencia entre los ninos fallecidos y 6 otros pacientes con una hepatotoxicidad reversible, tambien descritos en esta communicacion. Los parametros de laboratorio patologicos correspondian a la insuficiencia del higado. El intervalo entre los primeros sintomas de la hepatotoxicidad y la dicontinuacion del VPA era solo algunos dias desde 1988, lo que podria explicar el aumento relativo de los casos reversibles. El metabolito anomal 4-en-VPA no tiene ningun valor ni por la diagnosis ni por el tratamiento de la hepatotoxicidad asociada con el VPA. Los mecanismos patogenicos no estan claros, la reduccion del CoA a1 nivel intracelular sea por causa de una politerapia o de una infecion febril o sea en el contexto con un defecto metabolico parece en el centro del patomechanismo. En total, estan descritos en la literatura 132 pacientes fallecidos por hepatotoxicidad durante el tratamiento con VPA. Como no se ha logrado definir con precision el grupo con riesgo mayor durante el tratamiento con VPA, los sintomas de la hepatotoxicidad amenazadora tienen que ser bien conecidos por los pacientes bajo terapia con el VPA y tambien por sus familias. Controles clinicos y de laboratorio al menos uns vez por mes durante los 6 primeros meses del tratamiento parecen perentorios. El aumento relativo de los casos reversibles indica la possibilidad de reducir los fallecimentos relacionados al VPA si la vigilancia por este problema quede constante. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die klinischen Verlaufe von 8 Kindern, die seit 1988 in Deutschland und der Schweiz an einem Valproat (VPA)-assoziiertem Leberversagen verstorben sind, werden 6 Patienten mit einem reversiblen Verlauf gegenubergestellt. Zwei der 8 verstorbenen Kinder waren normal entwickelt, 2 erhielten eine VPA-Monotherapie, und ebenfalls 2 waren unter 3 Jahre alt: Die ersten Zeichen eines drohenden Leberversagens waren Ubelkeit, Erbrechen, Apathie und Koma, oder eine Zunahme der Anfalls-frequenz, bei mehr als der Halfte der Patienten bei einem gleichzeitig bestehenden fieberhaften Infekt. Vergleicht man die seit 1988 aufgetretenen Todesfalle unter VPA mit den zuvor berichteten (Scheffner et al., 1988), fallt eine Zunahme der Komplikationen jenseits des 6.Behandlungsmonats auf (ein Drittel der neuen Patienten im Vergleich zu 6% der fruheren Serie). Im Hinblick auf die klinischen Symptome und die Laborveranderungen unterschieden sich die irreversiblen nicht von den reversiblen Krankheitsverlaufen. Ein sofortiges Absetzen des VPA bei Auftreten von verdachtigen Symptomen kannte seit 1988 zu einem hoheren Anteil von reversiblem Leberversagen gefuhrt haben. Der abnormale VPA-Metabolit 4-en-VPA erwies sich als nicht spezifisch fur die VPA-assozierte Hepatotoxizitat, die Bestimmung der VPA-Metabolite hat sich weder fur die Diagnostik noch fur das Verstandnis des Leberversagens unter VPA fur nutzlich erwiesen. Der Pathomechanismus der VPA-assozierten Hepatotoxozitat bleibt unklar, ein Absinken des intrazellularen CoAs entweder durch Co-Faktoren wie Polytherapie oder fieberhafte Infekte oder durch metabolische Defekte scheint jedoch eine zentrale Rolle zu spielen. Weltweit sind bisher insgesamt 132 Patienten an einem Leberversagen unter einer VPATherapie verstorben. Da eine Risikogruppe fur diese Komplikation nicht scharf abgegrenzt werden kann, mussen alle Patienten und deren Familien die klinischen Symptome der VPA-assozierten Hepatotoxizitat kennen, um so ein rasches Absetzen des VPA bei Auftreten solcher Symptome zu ermoglichen. Klinische Kontrollen sowie Laborkontrollen bleiben wahrend der ersten 6 Behandlungsmonate mindestens einmal monatlich erforderlich. Eine unverandert hohe Aufmerksamkeit fur das Problem der VPA-assozierten Leberkomplikationen kann moglichweise dazu beitragen, die Anzahl der Todesfalle in Verbindung mit einer VPA-Therapie zu vermindern.

129 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
06 Jan 2003
TL;DR: The paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of system dynamics and discrete agent-based modeling, and an approach for integration of the two modeling methodologies is presented.
Abstract: Supply chain management is a demanding and complicated task due to its broad scope and the strong connectedness of its objects and issues. In order to make theoretical investigations of supply chains feasible and to support decision-making in real world supply chains, simulation models are used. An integration of system dynamics and discrete agent-based modeling is a promising combination of methods for reducing the a priori complexity of the model. The paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of system dynamics and discrete agent-based modeling. An approach for integration of the two modeling methodologies is presented. Issues concerning the practical coupling of software environments and a simple, prototypical supply chain model are discussed. Experiments for which the integrated simulation solution is applied are described. Insights in emergent structures in supply chains are derived from these simulation analyses.

129 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The gene-environment interactions observed suggested that genetic make-up can alter the degree of sensitivity an ADHD patients has to their family environment.
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mothers' positive emotions expressed about their children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with a reduced likelihood of comorbid conduct problems (CP) We examined whether this association with CP, and one with emotional problems (EMO), is moderated by variants within three genes, previously reported to be associated with ADHD and to moderate the impact of environmental risks on conduct and/or emotional problems; the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3/DAT1), the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4/5HTT) METHODS: Seven hundred and twenty-eight males between the ages of 5 and 17 with a DSM-IV research diagnosis of combined type ADHD were included in these analyses Parents and teachers rated children's conduct and emotional problems Positive maternal expressed emotion (PMEE) was coded by independent observers on comments made during a clinical assessment with the mother based on current or recent medication-free periods RESULTS: Sensitivity to the effects of PMEE on CP was moderated by variants of the DAT1 and 5HTT genes Only children who did not carry the DAT1 10R/10R or the 5HTT l/l genotypes showed altered levels of CP when exposed to PMEE The effect was most marked where the child with ADHD had both these genotypes For EMO, sensitivity to PMEE was found only with those who carried the DAT1 9R/9R There was no effect of DRD4 on CP or EMO CONCLUSION: The gene-environment interactions observed suggested that genetic make-up can alter the degree of sensitivity an ADHD patients has to their family environment Further research should focus on distinguishing general sensitivity genotypes from those conferring risk or protective qualities

129 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a modification of infimal convolutions of functionals containing higher order derivatives has been proposed for the special case of finite difference matrices, and the relation of their approach to the continuous total generalized variation approach has been discussed.
Abstract: As first demonstrated by Chambolle and Lions the staircasing effect of the RudinOsher-Fatemi model can be reduced by using infimal convolutions of functionals containing higher order derivatives. In this paper, we examine a modification of such infimal convolutions in a general discrete setting. For the special case of finite difference matrices, we show the relation of our approach to the continuous total generalized variation approach recently developed by Bredies, Kunisch and Pock. We present splitting methods to compute the minimizers of the l 2 (modified) infimal convolution functionals which are superior to previously applied second order cone programming methods. Moreover, we illustrate the differences between the ordinary and the modified infimal convolution approach by numerical examples.

129 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the Frame-Selektion model is presented, in which a ganz anders als das Etzroth darstellt, den „Sinn“ des Handelns and die situationsdefinierende Kraft der „Kultur“ in systematischer Weise.
Abstract: Der Beitrag antwortet auf die Kritik von Christian Etzrodt an dem im Anschluss an einige Uberlegungen von Alfred Schutz formulierten Modell der Frame-Selektion in zwei Punkten: Das Modell schliest erstens die Berucksichtigung von Prozessen der „interaktiven“ Konstitution sozialer Situationen in keiner Weise aus. Und es uberstrapaziert zweitens auch die „Rationalitat“ der Akteure in keiner Weise. Es nimmt vielmehr, trotz seiner formalen Grundlage in der Wert-Erwartungstheorie, einen ganz anderen Mechanismus als das „Kalkulieren“ von Konsequenzen an, namlich den „Match“ von typischen Situationsmerkmalen („Symbolen“) und in der Identitat der Akteure gespeicherten mentalen Modellen. Und insofern berucksichtigt es, ganz anders als das Etzroth darstellt, den „Sinn“ des Handelns und die situationsdefinierende Kraft der „Kultur“ in systematischer Weise.

128 citations


Authors

Showing all 4522 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Andreas Kugel12891075529
Jürgen Rehm1261132116037
Norbert Schwarz11748871008
Andreas Hochhaus11792368685
Barry Eichengreen11694951073
Herta Flor11263848175
Eberhard Ritz111110961530
Marcella Rietschel11076565547
Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg10753444592
Daniel Cremers9965544957
Thomas Brox9932994431
Miles Hewstone8841826350
Tobias Banaschewski8569231686
Andreas Herrmann8276125274
Axel Dreher7835020081
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202337
2022138
2021827
2020747
2019710
2018620