University of St Andrews

About: University of St Andrews is a education organization based out in St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 16260 authors who have published 43364 publications receiving 1636072 citations. The organization is also known as: St Andrews University & University of St. Andrews.

Molecular pattern in native collagen.

Abstract: THE length of the tropocollagen (TC) molecule is about 44 times that of the native collagen period (D) (refs 1–4) The standard appearances of negatively and positively stained fibrils are shown in Fig 1 and the correlation between the two staining patterns in that figure is based on the findings of Nemetschek5

A standard protocol for reporting species distribution models

Abstract: Species distribution models (SDMs) constitute the most common class of models across ecology, evolution and conservation. The advent of ready-to-use software pack - ages and increasing availability of digital geoinformation have considerably assisted the application of SDMs in the past decade, greatly enabling their broader use for informing conservation and management, and for quantifying impacts from global change. However, models must be fit for purpose, with all important aspects of their development and applications properly considered. Despite the widespread use of SDMs, standardisation and documentation of modelling protocols remain limited, which makes it hard to assess whether development steps are appropriate for end use. To address these issues, we propose a standard protocol for reporting SDMs, with an emphasis on describing how a study’s objective is achieved through a series of model - ing decisions. We call this the ODMAP (Overview, Data, Model, Assessment and Prediction) protocol, as its components reflect the main steps involved in building SDMs and other empirically-based biodiversity models. The ODMAP protocol serves two main purposes. First, it provides a checklist for authors, detailing key steps for model building and analyses, and thus represents a quick guide and generic workflow for modern SDMs. Second, it introduces a structured format for documenting and communicating the models, ensuring transparency and reproducibility, facilitating peer review and expert evaluation of model quality, as well as meta-analyses. We detail all elements of ODMAP, and explain how it can be used for different model objectives and applications, and how it complements efforts to store associated metadata and define modelling standards. We illustrate its utility by revisiting nine previously published case studies, and provide an interactive web-based application to facilitate its use. We plan to advance ODMAP by encouraging its further refinement and adoption by the scientific community.

Population genetic structure and outcrossing rate of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.

Abstract: The population genetic structure of Arabidopsis thaliana was investigated in and among 16 British populations by means of an electrophoretic survey of nine enzyme systems. Seven out of 17 allozyme loci examined were polymorphic. One polymorphic locus was used as a marker locus for estimating outcrossing rates. No outcrossing was observed within any of seven populations surveyed and a joint estimate of the upper limit of outcrossing, tu, indicated that average outcrossing in the wild does not exceed 0·3 per cent. The genetic structure of A. thaliana as measured by Nei's gene diversity statistics, gene correlation F statistics, and estimates of multilocus genotypic diversity is concordant with that which is expected for a plant species which shows almost complete uniparental reproduction. Despite considerable genetic differentiation between populations, there was no evidence of a division between English and Scottish populations based on genetic distance.