Institution
University of St Andrews
Education•St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom•
About: University of St Andrews is a education organization based out in St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Laser. The organization has 16260 authors who have published 43364 publications receiving 1636072 citations. The organization is also known as: St Andrews University & University of St. Andrews.
Topics: Population, Laser, Stars, Catalysis, Galaxy
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: An extensive set of gene paralogues retained from the salmonid WGD are characterized, showing that climate-linked ecophysiological factors, rather than WGD, were the primary drivers of salmonid diversification.
Abstract: Whole genome duplication (WGD) is often considered to be mechanistically associated with species diversification. Such ideas have been anecdotally attached to a WGD at the stem of the salmonid fish family, but remain untested. Here, we characterized an extensive set of gene paralogues retained from the salmonid WGD, in species covering the major lineages (subfamilies Salmoninae, Thymallinae and Coregoninae). By combining the data in calibrated relaxed molecular clock analyses, we provide the first well-constrained and direct estimate for the timing of the salmonid WGD. Our results suggest that the event occurred no later in time than 88 Ma and that 40–50 Myr passed subsequently until the subfamilies diverged. We also recovered a Thymallinae–Coregoninae sister relationship with maximal support. Comparative phylogenetic tests demonstrated that salmonid diversification patterns are closely allied in time with the continuous climatic cooling that followed the Eocene–Oligocene transition, with the highest diversification rates coinciding with recent ice ages. Further tests revealed considerably higher speciation rates in lineages that evolved anadromy—the physiological capacity to migrate between fresh and seawater—than in sister groups that retained the ancestral state of freshwater residency. Anadromy, which probably evolved in response to climatic cooling, is an established catalyst of genetic isolation, particularly during environmental perturbations (for example, glaciation cycles). We thus conclude that climate-linked ecophysiological factors, rather than WGD, were the primary drivers of salmonid diversification.
374 citations
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TL;DR: In contrast to mesoporous lithium intercalation compounds, which show superior capacity at high rates compared to bulk materials, mesoporosity does not seem to improve the capacity of conversion reactions on extended cycling.
Abstract: The conversion reactions associated with mesoporous and nanowire Co3O4 when used as negative electrodes in rechargeable lithium batteries have been investigated. Initially, Li is intercalated into Co3O4 up to x
∼ 1.5 Li in LixCo3O4. Thereafter, both materials form a nanocomposite of Co particles imbedded in Li2O, which on subsequent charge forms CoO. The capacities on cycling increase on initial cycles to values exceeding the theoretical value for Co3O4 + 8 Li+ + 8e−
→ 4 Li2O + 3 Co, 890 mAhg−1, and this is interpreted as due to charge storage in a polymer layer that forms on the high surface area of nanowire and mesoporous Co3O4. After 15 cycles, the capacity decreases drastically for the nanowires due to formation of grains that are separated one from another by a thick polymer layer, leading to electrical isolation. In contrast, the mesoporous Co3O4 losses its mesoporosity and forms a morphology similar to bulk Co3O4 (Co particles imbedded in Li2O matrix) with which it exhibits a similar capacity on cycling. In contrast to mesoporous lithium intercalation compounds, which show superior capacity at high rates compared to bulk materials, mesoporosity does not seem to improve the capacity of conversion reactions on extended cycling. If, however, mesoporosity could be retained during the conversion reaction, then higher capacities could be obtained in such systems.
374 citations
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TL;DR: This paper analyzes an extensive network trace from a mature 802.11 WLAN, including more than 550 access points and 7000 users over seventeen weeks, and defines a new metric for mobility, the ''session diameter,'' to show that embedded devices have different mobility characteristics than laptops, and travel further and roam to more access points.
373 citations
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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1, University of California, Berkeley2, Carnegie Mellon University3, Yale University4, University of Portsmouth5, New York University6, University of St Andrews7, Harvard University8, Ohio State University9, Max Planck Society10, Brookhaven National Laboratory11, Princeton University12, University of Wisconsin-Madison13, Open University14, New Mexico State University15, Moscow State University16, University of Utah17, Autonomous University of Madrid18, Case Western Reserve University19, Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam20, University of Tokyo21, King's College22, Centre national de la recherche scientifique23, Spanish National Research Council24, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich25, Kansas State University26, Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory27, Pennsylvania State University28, National University of La Plata29, National Scientific and Technical Research Council30, National Autonomous University of Mexico31
TL;DR: The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) as discussed by the authors provides the largest survey of galaxy redshifts available to date, in terms of both the number of galaxies measured by a single survey, and the effective cosmological volume covered.
Abstract: The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) III project, has provided the largest survey of galaxy redshifts available to date, in terms of both the number of galaxy redshifts measured by a single survey, and the effective cosmological volume covered. Key to analysing the clustering of these data to provide cosmological measurements is understanding the detailed properties of this sample. Potential issues include variations in the target catalogue caused by changes either in the targeting algorithm or properties of the data used, the pattern of spectroscopic observations, the spatial distribution of targets for which redshifts were not obtained, and variations in the target sky density due to observational systematics. We document here the target selection algorithms used to create the galaxy samples that comprise BOSS. We also present the algorithms used to create large-scale structure catalogues for the final Data Release (DR12) samples and the associated random catalogues that quantify the survey mask. The algorithms are an evolution of those used by the BOSS team to construct catalogues from earlier data, and have been designed to accurately quantify the galaxy sample. The code used, designated MKSAMPLE, is released with this paper.
373 citations
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TL;DR: The planet has an equilibrium temperature of T eq = 2516 K caused by its very short period orbit around the hot, twelfth magnitude host star and has the largest radius of any transiting planet yet detected.
Abstract: We report on the discovery of WASP-12b, a new transiting extrasolar planet with R pl = 1.79+0.09 –0.09 RJ and M pl = 1.41+0.10 –0.10 M J. The planet and host star properties were derived from a Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis of the transit photometry and radial velocity data. Furthermore, by comparing the stellar spectrum with theoretical spectra and stellar evolution models, we determined that the host star is a supersolar metallicity ([M/H] = 0.3+0.05 –0.15), late-F (T eff = 6300+200 –100 K) star which is evolving off the zero-age main sequence. The planet has an equilibrium temperature of T eq = 2516 K caused by its very short period orbit (P = 1.09 days) around the hot, twelfth magnitude host star. WASP-12b has the largest radius of any transiting planet yet detected. It is also the most heavily irradiated and the shortest period planet in the literature.
373 citations
Authors
Showing all 16531 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Yi Chen | 217 | 4342 | 293080 |
Paul M. Thompson | 183 | 2271 | 146736 |
Ian J. Deary | 166 | 1795 | 114161 |
Dongyuan Zhao | 160 | 872 | 106451 |
Mark J. Smyth | 153 | 713 | 88783 |
Harry Campbell | 150 | 897 | 115457 |
William J. Sutherland | 148 | 966 | 94423 |
Thomas J. Smith | 140 | 1775 | 113919 |
John A. Peacock | 140 | 565 | 125416 |
Jean-Marie Tarascon | 136 | 853 | 137673 |
David A. Jackson | 136 | 1095 | 68352 |
Ian Ford | 134 | 678 | 85769 |
Timothy J. Mitchison | 133 | 404 | 66418 |
Will J. Percival | 129 | 473 | 87752 |
David P. Lane | 129 | 568 | 90787 |