Showing papers in "Cell Host & Microbe in 2013"

TL;DR: Data suggest that, through recruitment of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, fusobacteria generate a proinflammatory microenvironment that is conducive for colorectal neoplasia progression, and this work finds that F.nucleatum does not exacerbate colitis, enteritis, or inflammation-associated intestinal carcinogenesis.

TL;DR: A mechanism by which Fn can drive CRC is unveiled and FadA is identified as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for CRC.

TL;DR: Regulation of iron metabolism in the setting of infection is discussed and strategies used by human pathogens to overcome iron-withholding defenses are delineated.

TL;DR: It is reported that germ-free mice and those with low-diversity microbiota develop elevated serum IgE levels in early life and appropriate intestinal microbial stimuli during early life are critical for inducing an immunoregulatory network that protects from induction of IgE at mucosal sites.

TL;DR: How viruses mimic cellular recruiting signals to usurp the ESC RT pathway is reviewed, mechanistic models for ESCRT pathway functions are discussed, and important research frontiers are highlighted.

TL;DR: Findings raise the possibility that persisters behave as an evolutionary reservoir from which resistant organisms can emerge, and the need for clinically useful persister-eradication strategies is raised.

TL;DR: How viruses gain access to and spread in the well-protected CNS is reviewed, with particular emphasis on alpha herpesviruses, which establish and maintain persistent NS infections.

TL;DR: This work presents a simplified approach for global promoter identification in bacteria using RNA-seq-based transcriptomic analyses of 22 distinct infection-relevant environmental conditions and presents a small RNA expression landscape of 280 sRNAs.

TL;DR: It is shown that this nonpathogenic bacterium can outcompete and reduce S. Typhimurium colonization in mouse models of acute colitis and chronic persistent infection by administering Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917, which assimilates iron by similar mechanisms.

TL;DR: It is shown that systemic administration of virus analogs or poxvirus infection induces neutrophil recruitment to the liver microvasculature and the release of NETs that protect host cells from virus infection.

TL;DR: RMVs demonstrate potent immunomodulatory properties on human primary macrophages and neutrophils and stimulate production of transmission stage parasites in a dose-dependent manner, which mediate cellular communication within the parasite population and with the host innate immune system.

TL;DR: Evaluating innate and adaptive immune responses to lysates from bacteria that differ with HIV explores the functional drivers of these compositional differences and identifies Prevotella-rich community composition most similar to healthy individuals in agrarian cultures of Malawi and Venezuela.

TL;DR: It is found that germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice, which have severely reduced SCFA levels, have increased basal GLP-1 levels in the plasma and increased Gcg expression in the colon, and increasing these levels may be an adaptive response to insufficient energy availability in the Colon that slows intestinal transit and allows for greater nutrient absorption.

TL;DR: The interferon-inducible myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins play important roles in combating a wide range of virus infections, but the antiviral activity of MxB is less well established.

TL;DR: In innate-immunity-directed development of flagellin-specific adaptive immune responses can modulate the microbiome's production of flagesllar protein in a three-way interaction that helps to maintain mucosal barrier integrity and homeostasis.

TL;DR: IFITM3 disrupts intracellular cholesterol homeostasis to block viral entry, further underscoring the importance of cholesterol in virus infection.

TL;DR: Spatial variation in nasal microbial communities and differences in community composition between S. aureus carriers and noncarriers are highlighted.

TL;DR: Findings indicate that phosphorylation modulates the ability of SAMHD1 to block retroviral infection without affecting its ability to decrease cellular dNTP levels.

TL;DR: The common features of these growth-limited states, often termed quiescence or dormancy, are discussed, which suggest new approaches for treating chronic infections such as tuberculosis.

TL;DR: The human complement receptors C5aR and C5L2 are identified as host targets of PVL, mediating both toxin binding and cytotoxicity and offer directions for future investigations into individual susceptibility to severe staphylococcal disease.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that intestinal epithelial cell autophagy protects against tissue invasion by both opportunistically invasive commensals and the invasive intestinal pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium.

TL;DR: Dengue provides a striking example of a human viral infection where convergent immune signatures can be identified in multiple individuals, and could facilitate surveillance of immunological memory in communities.

TL;DR: Collectively, CB promotes IL-10 production by intestinal macrophages in inflamed mucosa, thereby preventing experimental colitis in mice, and the colitis-preventing effect of CB was negated in macrophage-specific IL- 10-deficient mice, suggesting that induction ofIL-10 by intestinal Macrophages is crucial for the probiotic action of CB.

TL;DR: Transposon insertion site sequencing was used to comprehensively assess the contribution of nearly all V. cholerae genes toward growth in the infant rabbit intestine and identified several new genes affecting the bacterium's metabolic properties, resistance to bile, and ability to synthesize cyclic AMP-GMP.

TL;DR: A role for OsRLCK185 is supported as an essential immediate downstream signaling partner of OsCERK1 in mediating chitin- and peptidoglycan-induced plant immunity and pathogen resistance.

TL;DR: Although there is evolutionary conservation of α/β hydrolase topology in all three proteins, a noncatalytic resistance mechanism is indicated and the respective N-terminal domains appear to facilitate binding of the essential EP domains to create novel interaction surfaces on the heterodimer.

TL;DR: This work identifies GRA16 as a dense granule protein that is exported through the PV membrane and reaches the host cell nucleus, where it positively modulates genes involved in cell-cycle progression and the p53 tumor suppressor pathway.

TL;DR: Mechanistic insight is provided into host recognition of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and subsequent immune evasion by this prominent DNA virus, providing targets for restoring antiviral immunity.

TL;DR: It is found that the intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila uses a Dot/Icm type IV secreted effector, RomA, to uniquely modify the host chromatin landscape.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented that the intraerythrocytic parasite actively extrudes Na+ against an inward gradient via PfATP4, a parasite plasma membrane protein with sequence similarities to Na+-ATPases of lower eukaryotes, consistent with PfATp4 being a Na+ efflux ATPase and a target of the spiroindolones.