Differences in the localization and morphology of chromosomes in the human nucleus
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that the distribution of genomic sequences between chromosomes has implications for nuclear structure and the findings are discussed in relation to a model of the human nucleus that is functionally compartmentalized.Abstract:
Using fluorescence in situ hybridization we show striking differences in nuclear position, chromosome morphology, and interactions with nuclear substructure for human chromosomes 18 and 19. Human chromosome 19 is shown to adopt a more internal position in the nucleus than chromosome 18 and to be more extensively associated with the nuclear matrix. The more peripheral localization of chromosome 18 is established early in the cell cycle and is maintained thereafter. We show that the preferential localization of chromosomes 18 and 19 in the nucleus is reflected in the orientation of translocation chromosomes in the nucleus. Lastly, we show that the inhibition of transcription can have gross, but reversible, effects on chromosome architecture. Our data demonstrate that the distribution of genomic sequences between chromosomes has implications for nuclear structure and we discuss our findings in relation to a model of the human nucleus that is functionally compartmentalized.read more
Citations
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The Control of the Epigenome
TL;DR: It is found that the direct interaction between differentially methylated regions was linked to epigenetic regulation of transcription in trans and the patterns of interactions specific to the maternal H19 imprinting control region underwent reprogramming during in vitro maturation of embryonic stem cells.
Dissertation
Quantitative proteomics of human chromatin
TL;DR: In this article, a SILAC mass spectrometry-based approach with a newly developed biochemical chromatin purification method, which involves fixation of proteins to DNA, was used to analyze the chromatin composition changes occurring during the cell cycle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Interphase Chromosomes in Replicative Senescence: Chromosome Positioning as a Senescence Biomarker and the Lack of Nuclear Motor-Driven Chromosome Repositioning in Senescent Cells.
Ishita S. Mehta,Ishita S. Mehta,Kumars Riyahi,Rita Torres Pereira,Karen J. Meaburn,Martin Figgitt,Martin Figgitt,Ian R. Kill,Christopher H. Eskiw,Joanna M. Bridger +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that chromosomes can no longer be relocated to expected nuclear locations upon heat-shock at 42°C, which coincides with a entirely different organisation and distribution of NM1β within senescent HDFs.
Book ChapterDOI
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization on DNA Halo Preparations and Extended Chromatin Fibres
TL;DR: This chapter describes how to successfully generate extended chromatin fibres and extruded DNA loops and provides detailed methodologies for coupling either procedure with two distinct FISH procedures; 2D-FISH, which allows for the visualisation of specific chromosomal regions, while telomere peptide nucleic acid (PNA) FISH, enables the detection of all telomeres present within human nuclei.
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Genome organization, instabilities, stem cells, and cancer
TL;DR: This review focuses on structural alterations evolve to raise a variety of genome instabilities that are manifested at the nucleotide, gene or sub-chromosomal, and whole chromosome level of genome.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Organization of the higher-order chromatin loop: specific DNA attachment sites on nuclear scaffold
TL;DR: Data are presented for sequence-specific chromatin-loop organization in histone-depleted nuclei from Drosophila melanogaster Kc cells and a family of attachment sites related by hybridization to those of the hsp70 genes was discovered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Replicon clusters are stable units of chromosome structure: evidence that nuclear organization contributes to the efficient activation and propagation of S phase in human cells.
Dean A. Jackson,Ana Pombo +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the coordinated replication of related groups of replicons, that form stable replicon clusters, contributes to the efficient activation and propagation of S phase in mammalian cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of Transcriptionally Silent Genes with Ikaros Complexes at Centromeric Heterochromatin
Karen E. Brown,Simon Guest,Stephen T. Smale,Kyungmin Hahm,Matthias Merkenschlager,Amanda G. Fisher +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that transcriptionally inactive but not transcriptionally active genes associate with Ikaros-heterochromatin foci, which support a model of organization of the nucleus in which repressed genes are selectively recruited into centromeric domains.
Journal ArticleDOI
The inactive X chromosome in female mammals is distinguished by a lack of histone H4 acetylation, a cytogenetic marker for gene expression
Peter Jeppesen,Bryan M. Turner +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, immunolabeled human and mouse metaphase chromosomes with antibodies specific for the acetylated isoforms of histone H4 were labeled in regions corresponding to conventional R bands (regions enriched in coding DNA), except for a single chromosome in female cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Physical Map of 30,000 Human Genes
Panos Deloukas,Gregory D. Schuler,G. Gyapay,E. M. Beasley,Carol Soderlund,P. Rodriguez-Tomé,L. Hui,Tara C. Matise,K. B. McKusick,Jacques S. Beckmann,S. Bentolila,M.-T. Bihoreau,B. B. Birren,J. Browne,Adam Butler,A. B. Castle,N. Chiannilkulchai,C. Clee,P. J. R. Day,Anindya Dehejia,T. Dibling,N. Drouot,S. Duprat,C. Fizames,Sidney W. Fox,S. Gelling,L. Green,Paul Harrison,R. Hocking,E. Holloway,Sarah E. Hunt,S. Keil,Philip Lijnzaad,C. Louis-Dit-Sully,Jianpeng Ma,A. Mendis,J.H. Miller,J. Morissette,D. Muselet,H. C. Nusbaum,A. Peck,Steve Rozen,D. Simon,Donna K. Slonim,R. Staples,L. D. Stein,E. A. Stewart,Marc A. Suchard,T. Thangarajah,N. Vega-Czarny,Caleb Webber,Xufeng S. Wu,James R. Hudson,Charles Auffray,N. Nomura,James M. Sikela,Mihael H. Polymeropoulos,M. R. James,Eric S. Lander,Thomas J. Hudson,Richard M. Myers,D. R. Cox,Jean Weissenbach,Mark S. Boguski,D. R. Bentley +64 more
TL;DR: A map of 30,181 human gene-based markers was assembled and integrated with the current genetic map by radiation hybrid mapping, which contains nearly twice as many genes as the previous release and is twofold to threefold more accurate than the previous version.
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