Differences in the localization and morphology of chromosomes in the human nucleus
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that the distribution of genomic sequences between chromosomes has implications for nuclear structure and the findings are discussed in relation to a model of the human nucleus that is functionally compartmentalized.Abstract:
Using fluorescence in situ hybridization we show striking differences in nuclear position, chromosome morphology, and interactions with nuclear substructure for human chromosomes 18 and 19. Human chromosome 19 is shown to adopt a more internal position in the nucleus than chromosome 18 and to be more extensively associated with the nuclear matrix. The more peripheral localization of chromosome 18 is established early in the cell cycle and is maintained thereafter. We show that the preferential localization of chromosomes 18 and 19 in the nucleus is reflected in the orientation of translocation chromosomes in the nucleus. Lastly, we show that the inhibition of transcription can have gross, but reversible, effects on chromosome architecture. Our data demonstrate that the distribution of genomic sequences between chromosomes has implications for nuclear structure and we discuss our findings in relation to a model of the human nucleus that is functionally compartmentalized.read more
Citations
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Chromosome territories have a highly nonspherical morphology and nonrandom positioning.
TL;DR: It is shown that CTs have a highly nonspherical 3D morphology, that CT positioning is nonrandom, and favors heterologous CT groupings, and potential relationships between morphology, positioning, chromosomal function, and instability are discussed.
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The integrity of a lamin-B1-dependent nucleoskeleton is a fundamental determinant of RNA synthesis in human cells.
Chi W. Tang,Apolinar Maya-Mendoza,Catherine Martin,Kang Zeng,Songbi Chen,Dorota Feret,Stuart A. Wilson,Dean A. Jackson +7 more
TL;DR: The results show that a lamin B1-containing nucleoskeleton is required to maintain RNA synthesis and that ongoing synthesis is a fundamental determinant of global nuclear architecture in mammalian cells.
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The nuclear envelope as a chromatin organizer.
TL;DR: This work reviews both what is known and what is speculated about the role of the nuclear envelope in genome organization, particularly with respect to the positioning and repositioning of genes and chromosomes within the nucleus during differentiation.
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The effect of translocation-induced nuclear reorganization on gene expression
Louise Harewood,Frédéric Schütz,Shelagh Boyle,Paul Perry,Mauro Delorenzi,Wendy A. Bickmore,Alexandre Reymond +6 more
TL;DR: The study suggests that chromosomal translocations can result in hitherto unforeseen, large-scale changes in gene expression that are the consequence of alterations in normal chromosome territory positioning, which has consequences for the patterns of gene expression change seen during tumorigenesis-associated genome instability and during the karyotype changes that lead to speciation.
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Localization of 4q35.2 to the nuclear periphery: is FSHD a nuclear envelope disease?
Peter S. Masny,Ulla Bengtsson,Seung-Ah Chung,Jorge H. Martin,Baziel G.M. van Engelen,Silvère M. van der Maarel,Sara T. Winokur +6 more
TL;DR: 3D Immuno-FISH and a novel method of 3D by 2D analysis using NucProfile were developed to examine nuclear organization of the FSHD genomic region, finding it likely arises from improper interactions with transcription factors or chromatin modifiers at the nuclear envelope.
References
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A Physical Map of 30,000 Human Genes
Panos Deloukas,Gregory D. Schuler,G. Gyapay,E. M. Beasley,Carol Soderlund,P. Rodriguez-Tomé,L. Hui,Tara C. Matise,K. B. McKusick,Jacques S. Beckmann,S. Bentolila,M.-T. Bihoreau,B. B. Birren,J. Browne,Adam Butler,A. B. Castle,N. Chiannilkulchai,C. Clee,P. J. R. Day,Anindya Dehejia,T. Dibling,N. Drouot,S. Duprat,C. Fizames,Sidney W. Fox,S. Gelling,L. Green,Paul Harrison,R. Hocking,E. Holloway,Sarah E. Hunt,S. Keil,Philip Lijnzaad,C. Louis-Dit-Sully,Jianpeng Ma,A. Mendis,J.H. Miller,J. Morissette,D. Muselet,H. C. Nusbaum,A. Peck,Steve Rozen,D. Simon,Donna K. Slonim,R. Staples,L. D. Stein,E. A. Stewart,Marc A. Suchard,T. Thangarajah,N. Vega-Czarny,Caleb Webber,Xufeng S. Wu,James R. Hudson,Charles Auffray,N. Nomura,James M. Sikela,Mihael H. Polymeropoulos,M. R. James,Eric S. Lander,Thomas J. Hudson,Richard M. Myers,D. R. Cox,Jean Weissenbach,Mark S. Boguski,D. R. Bentley +64 more
TL;DR: A map of 30,181 human gene-based markers was assembled and integrated with the current genetic map by radiation hybrid mapping, which contains nearly twice as many genes as the previous release and is twofold to threefold more accurate than the previous version.
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