Differences in the localization and morphology of chromosomes in the human nucleus
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that the distribution of genomic sequences between chromosomes has implications for nuclear structure and the findings are discussed in relation to a model of the human nucleus that is functionally compartmentalized.Abstract:
Using fluorescence in situ hybridization we show striking differences in nuclear position, chromosome morphology, and interactions with nuclear substructure for human chromosomes 18 and 19. Human chromosome 19 is shown to adopt a more internal position in the nucleus than chromosome 18 and to be more extensively associated with the nuclear matrix. The more peripheral localization of chromosome 18 is established early in the cell cycle and is maintained thereafter. We show that the preferential localization of chromosomes 18 and 19 in the nucleus is reflected in the orientation of translocation chromosomes in the nucleus. Lastly, we show that the inhibition of transcription can have gross, but reversible, effects on chromosome architecture. Our data demonstrate that the distribution of genomic sequences between chromosomes has implications for nuclear structure and we discuss our findings in relation to a model of the human nucleus that is functionally compartmentalized.read more
Citations
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Genome-wide reduction in H3K9 acetylation during human embryonic stem cell differentiation.
Jana Krejčí,Radka Uhlírová,Gabriela Galiová,Stanislav Kozubek,Jana Šmigová,Jana Šmigová,Eva Bártová +6 more
TL;DR: ChIP‐on‐chip analysis revealed that differentiation results in a genome‐wide decrease in promoter H3K9 acetylation, and analyses point to chromosomes 11, 12, 17, and 19 as being critical for hESC pluripotency and endoderm‐like differentiation.
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Telomere Disruption Results in Non-Random Formation of De Novo Dicentric Chromosomes Involving Acrocentric Human Chromosomes
Kaitlin M. Stimpson,Ihn Young Song,Anna Jauch,Heidi Holtgreve-Grez,Karen E. Hayden,Joanna M. Bridger,Beth A. Sullivan +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that transient disruption of human telomere structure non-randomly produces dicentric fusions involving acrocentric chromosomes and a human cell culture model is described that enriches for de novo dicentrics.
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Germline progenitors escape the widespread phenomenon of homolog pairing during Drosophila development.
TL;DR: It is shown that Drosophila meiotic pairing in the gonad is not an extension of pairing established during embryogenesis, and it is found that homologous chromosomes are unpaired in primordial germ cells from the moment the germline can be distinguished from the soma in the embryo.
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The LINC complex contributes to heterochromatin organisation and transcriptional gene silencing in plants
Axel Poulet,Axel Poulet,Céline Duc,Maxime Voisin,Sophie Desset,Sylvie Tutois,Emmanuel Vanrobays,Matthias Benoit,David E. Evans,Aline V. Probst,Christophe Tatout +10 more
TL;DR: 3D imaging methods have been used to investigate nuclear morphology and chromatin organisation in interphase nuclei of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and propose that the plant LINC complex contributes to proper heterochromatin organisation and positioning at the nuclear periphery.
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Telomere and ribosomal DNA repeats are chromosomal targets of the bloom syndrome DNA helicase
TL;DR: The role of the 3' to 5' RecQ DNA helicase in maintaining genomic integrity is not known but the helicase has been found to associate with several DNA repair complexes and some DNA replication foci as mentioned in this paper.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Organization of the higher-order chromatin loop: specific DNA attachment sites on nuclear scaffold
TL;DR: Data are presented for sequence-specific chromatin-loop organization in histone-depleted nuclei from Drosophila melanogaster Kc cells and a family of attachment sites related by hybridization to those of the hsp70 genes was discovered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Replicon clusters are stable units of chromosome structure: evidence that nuclear organization contributes to the efficient activation and propagation of S phase in human cells.
Dean A. Jackson,Ana Pombo +1 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that the coordinated replication of related groups of replicons, that form stable replicon clusters, contributes to the efficient activation and propagation of S phase in mammalian cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of Transcriptionally Silent Genes with Ikaros Complexes at Centromeric Heterochromatin
Karen E. Brown,Simon Guest,Stephen T. Smale,Kyungmin Hahm,Matthias Merkenschlager,Amanda G. Fisher +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that transcriptionally inactive but not transcriptionally active genes associate with Ikaros-heterochromatin foci, which support a model of organization of the nucleus in which repressed genes are selectively recruited into centromeric domains.
Journal ArticleDOI
The inactive X chromosome in female mammals is distinguished by a lack of histone H4 acetylation, a cytogenetic marker for gene expression
Peter Jeppesen,Bryan M. Turner +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, immunolabeled human and mouse metaphase chromosomes with antibodies specific for the acetylated isoforms of histone H4 were labeled in regions corresponding to conventional R bands (regions enriched in coding DNA), except for a single chromosome in female cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Physical Map of 30,000 Human Genes
Panos Deloukas,Gregory D. Schuler,G. Gyapay,E. M. Beasley,Carol Soderlund,P. Rodriguez-Tomé,L. Hui,Tara C. Matise,K. B. McKusick,Jacques S. Beckmann,S. Bentolila,M.-T. Bihoreau,B. B. Birren,J. Browne,Adam Butler,A. B. Castle,N. Chiannilkulchai,C. Clee,P. J. R. Day,Anindya Dehejia,T. Dibling,N. Drouot,S. Duprat,C. Fizames,Sidney W. Fox,S. Gelling,L. Green,Paul Harrison,R. Hocking,E. Holloway,Sarah E. Hunt,S. Keil,Philip Lijnzaad,C. Louis-Dit-Sully,Jianpeng Ma,A. Mendis,J.H. Miller,J. Morissette,D. Muselet,H. C. Nusbaum,A. Peck,Steve Rozen,D. Simon,Donna K. Slonim,R. Staples,L. D. Stein,E. A. Stewart,Marc A. Suchard,T. Thangarajah,N. Vega-Czarny,Caleb Webber,Xufeng S. Wu,James R. Hudson,Charles Auffray,N. Nomura,James M. Sikela,Mihael H. Polymeropoulos,M. R. James,Eric S. Lander,Thomas J. Hudson,Richard M. Myers,D. R. Cox,Jean Weissenbach,Mark S. Boguski,D. R. Bentley +64 more
TL;DR: A map of 30,181 human gene-based markers was assembled and integrated with the current genetic map by radiation hybrid mapping, which contains nearly twice as many genes as the previous release and is twofold to threefold more accurate than the previous version.
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