Fungal evolution: diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of the Fungi.
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TLDR
The current status of the phylogeny and taxonomy of fungi is reviewed, providing an overview of the main defined groups and the main phylogenetic and taxonomical controversies and hypotheses in the field.Abstract:
The fungal kingdom comprises a hyperdiverse clade of heterotrophic eukaryotes characterized by the presence of a chitinous cell wall, the loss of phagotrophic capabilities and cell organizations that range from completely unicellular monopolar organisms to highly complex syncitial filaments that may form macroscopic structures. Fungi emerged as a 'Third Kingdom', embracing organisms that were outside the classical dichotomy of animals versus vegetals. The taxonomy of this group has a turbulent history that is only now starting to be settled with the advent of genomics and phylogenomics. We here review the current status of the phylogeny and taxonomy of fungi, providing an overview of the main defined groups. Based on current knowledge, nine phylum-level clades can be defined: Opisthosporidia, Chytridiomycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Zoopagomycota, Mucoromycota, Glomeromycota, Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. For each group, we discuss their main traits and their diversity, focusing on the evolutionary relationships among the main fungal clades. We also explore the diversity and phylogeny of several groups of uncertain affinities and the main phylogenetic and taxonomical controversies and hypotheses in the field.read more
Citations
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Toward a Fully Resolved Fungal Tree of Life.
TL;DR: The current status and future challenges for fully elucidating the fungal tree of life are discussed and methods to recover the most accurate species tree given the sea of gene trees are discussed.
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The Taxon Hypothesis Paradigm-On the Unambiguous Detection and Communication of Taxa.
Urmas Kõljalg,Urmas Kõljalg,Henrik R. Nilsson,Dmitry Schigel,Leho Tedersoo,Karl-Henrik Larsson,Tom W. May,Andy F. S. Taylor,Andy F. S. Taylor,Thomas Stjernegaard Jeppesen,Tobias Guldberg Frøslev,Björn Lindahl,Kadri Põldmaa,Kadri Põldmaa,Irja Saar,Ave Suija,Ave Suija,Anton Savchenko,Iryna Yatsiuk,Kristjan Adojaan,Filipp Ivanov,Timo Piirmann,Raivo Pöhönen,Allan Zirk,Kessy Abarenkov +24 more
TL;DR: The taxon hypothesis (TH) paradigm is described, which covers the construction, identification, and communication of taxa as datasets, and how it is implemented in the UNITE digital taxon communication system is demonstrated.
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Genome-scale phylogeny and contrasting modes of genome evolution in the fungal phylum Ascomycota.
Xing-Xing Shen,Jacob L. Steenwyk,Abigail L. LaBella,Dana A. Opulente,Xiaofan Zhou,Jacek Kominek,Yuanning Li,Marizeth Groenewald,Chris Todd Hittinger,Antonis Rokas +9 more
TL;DR: A robust genome-wide phylogeny is inferred that resolves several contentious relationships and estimated that the Ascomycota last common ancestor likely originated in the Ediacaran period.
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Fungal evolution: cellular, genomic and metabolic complexity
TL;DR: How the interplay of these cellular, genomic and metabolic traits mediates the emergence of complex phenotypes, and how this complexity is shaped throughout the evolutionary history of Fungi is explored.
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Horizontal Gene Transfer as an Indispensable Driver for Evolution of Neocallimastigomycota into a Distinct Gut-Dwelling Fungal Lineage.
Chelsea L. Murphy,Noha H. Youssef,Radwa A. Hanafy,M. B. Couger,Jason E. Stajich,Yinsheng Wang,Kristina D. Baker,Sumit Singh Dagar,Gareth W. Griffith,Ibrahim F. Farag,Tony M. Callaghan,Mostafa S. Elshahed +11 more
TL;DR: The role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the evolution of anaerobic gut fungi has been examined in this article, where the authors found that HGT was instrumental in forging the evolution into a phylogenetically distinct fungal lineage.
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