Glypican-1 identifies cancer exosomes and detects early pancreatic cancer
Sonia A. Melo,Linda B. Luecke,Christoph Kahlert,Agustín F. Fernández,Seth T. Gammon,Judith Kaye,Valerie S. LeBleu,Elizabeth A. Mittendorf,Juergen Weitz,Nuh N. Rahbari,Christoph Reissfelder,Christian Pilarsky,Mario F. Fraga,David Piwnica-Worms,Raghu Kalluri +14 more
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TLDR
GPC1+ crExos may serve as a potential non-invasive diagnostic and screening tool to detect early stages of pancreatic cancer to facilitate possible curative surgical therapy.Abstract:
Exosomes are lipid-bilayer-enclosed extracellular vesicles that contain proteins and nucleic acids. They are secreted by all cells and circulate in the blood. Specific detection and isolation of cancer-cell-derived exosomes in the circulation is currently lacking. Using mass spectrometry analyses, we identify a cell surface proteoglycan, glypican-1 (GPC1), specifically enriched on cancer-cell-derived exosomes. GPC1(+) circulating exosomes (crExos) were monitored and isolated using flow cytometry from the serum of patients and mice with cancer. GPC1(+) crExos were detected in the serum of patients with pancreatic cancer with absolute specificity and sensitivity, distinguishing healthy subjects and patients with a benign pancreatic disease from patients with early- and late-stage pancreatic cancer. Levels of GPC1(+) crExos correlate with tumour burden and the survival of pre- and post-surgical patients. GPC1(+) crExos from patients and from mice with spontaneous pancreatic tumours carry specific KRAS mutations, and reliably detect pancreatic intraepithelial lesions in mice despite negative signals by magnetic resonance imaging. GPC1(+) crExos may serve as a potential non-invasive diagnostic and screening tool to detect early stages of pancreatic cancer to facilitate possible curative surgical therapy.read more
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Emerging role of exosomes as biomarkers in cancer treatment and diagnosis
Mohammad Doroudian,E. Y. Krylova +1 more
TL;DR: An overview of recent advances in the research of exosomal biomarkers and their applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment has been provided in this article , where the advantages and challenges of using exosomes as liquid biopsy targets are discussed and the clinical implications of using Exosomal miRNAs have been revealed.
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General Approach to Engineering Extracellular Vesicles for Biomedical Analysis.
TL;DR: A general, facile, and robust approach to engineering EVs by installation of maleimide moieties onto EV surfaces based on a hydrophobic insertion strategy is proposed, which would greatly facilitate the applications of EVs in both basic studies and clinical uses.
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Exosomes and their implications in central nervous system tumor biology
TL;DR: The secretion of exosomes associated with glioblastoma is focused on, as most exosome studies on brain tumors have been performed in this tumor type, however, exosomers secreted from other forms of brain tumors for comparison as available are included.
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Human Platelet Membrane Functionalized Microchips with Plasmonic Codes for Cancer Detection
Sumit Kumar,Jae-A Han,Issac J. Michael,Dongyeob Ki,Vijaya Sunkara,Juhee Park,Shreedhar Gautam,Hong Koo Ha,Liangfang Zhang,Yoon-Kyoung Cho +9 more
TL;DR: A microfluidic platform capable of detecting cancer‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from ultrasmall volumes (1 µL) of human plasma samples and can capture a significantly higher number of EVs from multiple types of cancer cell lines than the normal cell‐derived EVs.
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Single-cell analysis of CTCs with diagnostic precision: opportunities and challenges for personalized medicine
TL;DR: Implementation of multiple technologies for enrichment, isolation as well as molecular and functional analysis of circulating tumor cells in standardized and automated workflows in clinical diagnostics could provide valuable information for real-time monitoring of cancer and eventually new therapeutic strategies for the benefit of patients.
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