Graphene as a subnanometre trans-electrode membrane
Slaven Garaj,William A. Hubbard,Alfonso Reina,Jing Kong,Daniel Branton,Jene Andrew Golovchenko +5 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
It is shown that when immersed in an ionic solution, a layer of graphene becomes a new electrochemical structure that is called a trans-electrode, which is an ideal substrate for very high resolution, high throughput nanopore-based single-molecule detectors.Abstract:
Isolated, atomically thin conducting membranes of graphite, called graphene, have recently been the subject of intense research with the hope that practical applications in fields ranging from electronics to energy science will emerge. The atomic thinness, stability and electrical sensitivity of graphene motivated us to investigate the potential use of graphene membranes and graphene nanopores to characterize single molecules of DNA in ionic solution. Here we show that when immersed in an ionic solution, a layer of graphene becomes a new electrochemical structure that we call a trans-electrode. The trans-electrode's unique properties are the consequence of the atomic-scale proximity of its two opposing liquid-solid interfaces together with graphene's well known in-plane conductivity. We show that several trans-electrode properties are revealed by ionic conductance measurements on a graphene membrane that separates two aqueous ionic solutions. Although our membranes are only one to two atomic layers thick, we find they are remarkable ionic insulators with a very small stable conductance that depends on the ion species in solution. Electrical measurements on graphene membranes in which a single nanopore has been drilled show that the membrane's effective insulating thickness is less than one nanometre. This small effective thickness makes graphene an ideal substrate for very high resolution, high throughput nanopore-based single-molecule detectors. The sensitivity of graphene's in-plane electronic conductivity to its immediate surface environment and trans-membrane solution potentials will offer new insights into atomic surface processes and sensor development opportunities.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
25th Anniversary Article: MXenes: A New Family of Two‐Dimensional Materials
TL;DR: In this article, a new family of two-dimensional early transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, called MXenes, was discovered and a detailed outlook for future research on MXenes is also presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Graphene-Like Two-Dimensional Materials
Journal ArticleDOI
Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems
Andrea C. Ferrari,Francesco Bonaccorso,Francesco Bonaccorso,Vladimir I. Fal'ko,Konstantin S. Novoselov,Stephan Roche,Peter Bøggild,Stefano Borini,Frank H. L. Koppens,Vincenzo Palermo,Nicola M. Pugno,Nicola M. Pugno,Nicola M. Pugno,Jose A. Garrido,Roman Sordan,Alberto Bianco,Laura Ballerini,Maurizio Prato,Elefterios Lidorikis,Jani Kivioja,Claudio Marinelli,Tapani Ryhänen,Alberto F. Morpurgo,Jonathan N. Coleman,Valeria Nicolosi,Luigi Colombo,Albert Fert,Albert Fert,Mar García-Hernández,Adrian Bachtold,Grégory F. Schneider,Francisco Guinea,Cees Dekker,Matteo Barbone,Zhipei Sun,Costas Galiotis,Alexander N. Grigorenko,Gerasimos Konstantatos,Andras Kis,Mikhail I. Katsnelson,Lieven M. K. Vandersypen,A. Loiseau,Vittorio Morandi,Daniel Neumaier,Emanuele Treossi,Vittorio Pellegrini,Vittorio Pellegrini,Marco Polini,Alessandro Tredicucci,Gareth M. Williams,Byung Hee Hong,Jong Hyun Ahn,Jong Min Kim,Herbert Zirath,Bart J. van Wees,Herre S. J. van der Zant,Luigi Occhipinti,Andrea di Matteo,Ian A. Kinloch,Thomas Seyller,Etienne Quesnel,Xinliang Feng,K.B.K. Teo,Nalin Rupesinghe,Pertti Hakonen,Simon R. T. Neil,Quentin Tannock,Tomas Löfwander,Jari M. Kinaret +68 more
TL;DR: An overview of the key aspects of graphene and related materials, ranging from fundamental research challenges to a variety of applications in a large number of sectors, highlighting the steps necessary to take GRMs from a state of raw potential to a point where they might revolutionize multiple industries are provided.
Journal ArticleDOI
Water desalination across nanoporous graphene
TL;DR: The results indicate that the water permeability of this material is several orders of magnitude higher than conventional reverse osmosis membranes, and that nanoporous graphene may have a valuable role to play for water purification.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biological and chemical sensors based on graphene materials
TL;DR: This article critically and comprehensively reviews the emerging graphene-based electrochemical sensors, electronic sensors, optical sensors, and nanopore sensors for biological or chemical detection and emphasizes on the underlying detection (or signal transduction) mechanisms.
References
More filters
Book
Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications
Allen J. Bard,Larry R. Faulkner +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a comprehensive overview of electrode processes and their application in the field of chemical simulation, including potential sweep and potential sweep methods, coupled homogeneous chemical reactions, double-layer structure and adsorption.
Journal ArticleDOI
Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers.
Andrea C. Ferrari,Jannik C. Meyer,Vittorio Scardaci,Cinzia Casiraghi,Michele Lazzeri,Francesco Mauri,S. Piscanec,Da Jiang,K. S. Novoselov,S. Roth,A. K. Geim +10 more
TL;DR: This work shows that graphene's electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers, and allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area.
Journal ArticleDOI
Graphene: Status and Prospects
TL;DR: This review analyzes recent trends in graphene research and applications, and attempts to identify future directions in which the field is likely to develop.
Journal ArticleDOI
Large Area, Few-Layer Graphene Films on Arbitrary Substrates by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Alfonso Reina,Xiaoting Jia,John T. Ho,Daniel Nezich,Hyungbin Son,Vladimir Bulovic,Mildred S. Dresselhaus,Jing Kong +7 more
TL;DR: The transparency, conductivity, and ambipolar transfer characteristics of the films suggest their potential as another materials candidate for electronics and opto-electronic applications.
Book
Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes
TL;DR: The superfamily of voltage-gated channels was studied in this paper, where a classical biophysics of the squid giant axon was discussed. But the superfamily was not considered in this paper.
Related Papers (5)
The Potential and Challenges of Nanopore Sequencing
Daniel Branton,David W. Deamer,Andre Marziali,Hagan Bayley,Steven A. Benner,Thomas Z. Butler,Massimiliano Di Ventra,Slaven Garaj,Andrew Hibbs,Xiaohua Huang,Stevan B Jovanovich,Predrag S Krstic,Stuart Lindsay,Xinsheng Sean Ling,Carlos H. Mastrangelo,Amit Meller,John S. Oliver,Yuriy V. Pershin,J. Michael Ramsey,Robert Riehn,Gautam V. Soni,Vincent Tabard-Cossa,Meni Wanunu,Matthew Wiggin,Jeffery A. Schloss +24 more