Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of liquefaction and pyrolysis reactions of biomass
TLDR
In the liquefaction process, the micellar-like broken down fragments produced by hydrolysis are degraded to smaller compounds by dehydration, dehydrogenation, deoxygenation and decarboxylation as mentioned in this paper.About:
This article is published in Energy Conversion and Management.The article was published on 2000-04-01. It has received 904 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Deoxygenation & Thermal depolymerization.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Sequential Hydrothermal Processing of Sewage Sludge to Produce Low Nitrogen Biocrude
TL;DR: In this paper, a mild hydrothermal pre-treatment (150 °C) step was performed with deionized water, sulfuric acid (0.5 M), or citric acid ( 0.5M) to solubilize nitrogen containing compounds in the aqueous supernatant.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms and Product Specialties of the Alcoholysis Processes of Poplar Components
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of both single and lumped components on the liquefaction rates and product distributions have been studied with acidified 1-octanol as a solvent at 130 °C in an airtight stainless-steel autoclave.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessing Feedstocks and Catalysts for Production of Bio-Oils from Hydrothermal Liquefaction
TL;DR: In this article, a bench-scale hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process was utilized to convert several readily available biomass feedstocks into bio-oils that could potentially be converted to renewable liquid fuels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hot Compressed Water Extraction of Lignin by Using a Flow-Through Reactor
TL;DR: In this article, Japanese rice straw, an agricultural byproduct, was utilized for the extraction of lignin by hot compressed water at temperatures of 443-503 K and a pressure of 4.0 MPa using a flow-through system, a simple and environmentally friendly extraction method requiring no chemicals other than water.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanistic Insight into Lignin Slow Pyrolysis by Linking Pyrolysis Chemistry and Carbon Material Properties
Wenqi Li,Namal Wanninayake,Xin Gao,Mi Li,Yunqiao Pu,Doo Young Kim,Arthur J. Ragauskas,Arthur J. Ragauskas,Jian Shi +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, slow pyrolysis of kraft lignin, for the first time, was investigated with a commercial pyrolynsis-gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) system through evolved gas analysis-MS (EGA-MS), and heart-cutting-GC -MS (HC-GCMS) analyses.
References
More filters
Book
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure
TL;DR: Localized Chemical bonding Delocalized Chemical Bonding Bonding Weaker than Covalent Stereochemistry Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes Mechanisms and Methods of Determining them Photochemistry Acids and Bases Effects of Structure on Reactivity Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution Aromatic Electrophilic Substitutes Aliphatically Electrophilic Substitution Free-Radical Substitution Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds Adding to Carbon Hetero Multiple Bonds Eliminations Rearrangements Ox
BookDOI
Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions.
Dietrich Fengel,Gerd Wegener +1 more
TL;DR: The anatomy and chemistry of wood are described in detail, and with extensive reference to the literature, under the following headings: Introduction; Structure and ultrastructure; Chemical composition and analysis of wood; Cellulose; Polyoses (hemicelluloses); Lignin; Extractives; Distribution of the components within the wood cell wall; Constituents of bark; Reactions in acidic medium; reactions in alkaline medium; Influence of temperature; Degradation by light and ionizing rays; Microbial and enzymatic degradation; Aging and fossilization; Pul
Book
Textbook of Wood Technology
A. J. Panshin,C. de Zeeuw +1 more
TL;DR: The first part deals with the formation, anatomy and properties of wood, and the second part is important for the numerous means of identifying woods which it contains as discussed by the authors, including anatomical means, structural features, physical characteristics, figure as it is related to the various planes of cut, and by chemical means.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lignin chemistry—past, present and future
TL;DR: Later development, beginning with the dehydrogenation theory and experimental studies on the de-hydrogenative polymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, is reviewed in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent progress in the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses
TL;DR: In this article, the present status of the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses is summarized, with special emphasis on recent contributions, and problems still to be solved in wood chemistry are discussed, and an attempt is made to predict future developments in this field.