Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of liquefaction and pyrolysis reactions of biomass
TLDR
In the liquefaction process, the micellar-like broken down fragments produced by hydrolysis are degraded to smaller compounds by dehydration, dehydrogenation, deoxygenation and decarboxylation as mentioned in this paper.About:
This article is published in Energy Conversion and Management.The article was published on 2000-04-01. It has received 904 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Deoxygenation & Thermal depolymerization.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Herbicidal effects of wood vinegar on nitrophilous plant communities
Juan Luis Aguirre,Juan Baena,María Teresa Martín,Sergio González,José Luis Manjón,Manuel Peinado +5 more
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Hydrothermal liquefaction of palm oil empty fruit bunch (EFB) into bio-oil in different organic solvents
TL;DR: In this article, the efficiency of the above solvents in terms of conversion rate, soluble liquid and carbon products were investigated in the experiments, and the results showed that increasing the reaction temperature increased the conversion rate in all organic solvants and water, but gaseous products also increased using a reaction temperature of 400 oC.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enzymatic saccharification of acid/alkali pre-treated, millrun, and depithed sugarcane bagasse
Mkhize, Thandeka, Y.,Lethiwe Debra Mthembu,Rishi Gupta,Amandeep Kaur,Ramesh Chander Kuhad,Prashant Reddy,Nirmala Deenadayalu +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of different conditions for enzymatic saccharification such as enzyme dose, reaction time, and amount of surfactant were studied in detail, and the pre-treated substrate (10% w/v) when hydrolysed using 30 FPU/gds/40 FPU /g dry substrate (gds) with 0.4% Tween® 80 for 20 h resulted in 604 mg/gd total reducing sugars.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conversion of poly-isoprene based rubber to value-added chemicals and liquid fuel via ethanolysis: Effect of operating parameters on product quality and quantity
Nabeel Ahmad,Nabeel Ahmad,Nauman Ahmad,Ibrahim M. Maafa,Usama Ahmed,Parveen Akhter,Nasir Shehzad,Um-e-Salma Amjad,Murid Hussain,Momina Javaid +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, an autoclave batch reactor was used to perform the ethanolysis of poly-isoprene based rubber (PIR) at different temperature ranges (250-375°C), with different ethanol to PIR ratio (0.5:1 to 4:1), and at different reaction times (15-75mins).
Book ChapterDOI
Pathways and Mechanisms of Fast Pyrolysis: Impact on Catalyst Research
TL;DR: A review of the published literature in this and related areas trying to follow a line of reasoning: their impact on catalytic research can be found in this paper, where contributions from studies of biomass composition and components and those from bio-oil molecular characterization studies, as well as directed mechanistic studies and contributions from kinetics and other physical aspects are considered.
References
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Book
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure
TL;DR: Localized Chemical bonding Delocalized Chemical Bonding Bonding Weaker than Covalent Stereochemistry Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes Mechanisms and Methods of Determining them Photochemistry Acids and Bases Effects of Structure on Reactivity Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution Aromatic Electrophilic Substitutes Aliphatically Electrophilic Substitution Free-Radical Substitution Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds Adding to Carbon Hetero Multiple Bonds Eliminations Rearrangements Ox
BookDOI
Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions.
Dietrich Fengel,Gerd Wegener +1 more
TL;DR: The anatomy and chemistry of wood are described in detail, and with extensive reference to the literature, under the following headings: Introduction; Structure and ultrastructure; Chemical composition and analysis of wood; Cellulose; Polyoses (hemicelluloses); Lignin; Extractives; Distribution of the components within the wood cell wall; Constituents of bark; Reactions in acidic medium; reactions in alkaline medium; Influence of temperature; Degradation by light and ionizing rays; Microbial and enzymatic degradation; Aging and fossilization; Pul
Book
Textbook of Wood Technology
A. J. Panshin,C. de Zeeuw +1 more
TL;DR: The first part deals with the formation, anatomy and properties of wood, and the second part is important for the numerous means of identifying woods which it contains as discussed by the authors, including anatomical means, structural features, physical characteristics, figure as it is related to the various planes of cut, and by chemical means.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lignin chemistry—past, present and future
TL;DR: Later development, beginning with the dehydrogenation theory and experimental studies on the de-hydrogenative polymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, is reviewed in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent progress in the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses
TL;DR: In this article, the present status of the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses is summarized, with special emphasis on recent contributions, and problems still to be solved in wood chemistry are discussed, and an attempt is made to predict future developments in this field.