Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of liquefaction and pyrolysis reactions of biomass
TLDR
In the liquefaction process, the micellar-like broken down fragments produced by hydrolysis are degraded to smaller compounds by dehydration, dehydrogenation, deoxygenation and decarboxylation as mentioned in this paper.About:
This article is published in Energy Conversion and Management.The article was published on 2000-04-01. It has received 904 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Deoxygenation & Thermal depolymerization.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Wood degradation affected by process conditions during thermal modification of European beech in a high-pressure reactor system
TL;DR: In this paper, the degradation of beech wood during a thermal modification process in a high-pressure reactor system using steam as medium was investigated, and it was found that wood degradation was predominantly determined by the maximum pressure, rather than the peak temperature applied.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sweet sorghum stalk liquefaction in supercritical methanol: Effects of operating conditions on product yields and molecular composition of soluble fraction
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed liquidefaction of sweet sorghum stalk (SSS) in supercritical methanol under different conditions, including temperature, holding time, and SSS-to-methanol ratio.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficient one-pot production of 1,2-propanediol and ethylene glycol from microalgae (Chlorococcum sp.) in water
Miao Gai,Chengzhou Zhu,Jinyun Wang,Z. C. Tan,Liangjie Wang,Junxia Liu,Lingzhao Kong,Yuxia Sun,Yuxia Sun +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, an interesting catalytic process was reported to convert microalgae (Chlorococcum sp.) into 1,2-propanediol (1,2)-PDO and ethylene glycol (EG) in water over nickel-based catalysts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of Hot Vapor Filter Temperature on Mass Yield, Energy Balance, and Properties of Products of the Fast Pyrolysis of Pine Sawdust
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of HVF temperature (350, 400, 450, and 500 °C) on mass balance, energy balance, and physical properties of pyrolysis products were investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Production of Gasoline and Diesel Fuels from Bio-materials
TL;DR: In this article, a pyrolysis process was used to convert biomass samples to charcoal and to liquid and gaseous products at different temperatures, and the results showed that the resulting products are usually composed of higher boiling point hydrocarbons.
References
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Book
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure
TL;DR: Localized Chemical bonding Delocalized Chemical Bonding Bonding Weaker than Covalent Stereochemistry Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes Mechanisms and Methods of Determining them Photochemistry Acids and Bases Effects of Structure on Reactivity Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution Aromatic Electrophilic Substitutes Aliphatically Electrophilic Substitution Free-Radical Substitution Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds Adding to Carbon Hetero Multiple Bonds Eliminations Rearrangements Ox
BookDOI
Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions.
Dietrich Fengel,Gerd Wegener +1 more
TL;DR: The anatomy and chemistry of wood are described in detail, and with extensive reference to the literature, under the following headings: Introduction; Structure and ultrastructure; Chemical composition and analysis of wood; Cellulose; Polyoses (hemicelluloses); Lignin; Extractives; Distribution of the components within the wood cell wall; Constituents of bark; Reactions in acidic medium; reactions in alkaline medium; Influence of temperature; Degradation by light and ionizing rays; Microbial and enzymatic degradation; Aging and fossilization; Pul
Book
Textbook of Wood Technology
A. J. Panshin,C. de Zeeuw +1 more
TL;DR: The first part deals with the formation, anatomy and properties of wood, and the second part is important for the numerous means of identifying woods which it contains as discussed by the authors, including anatomical means, structural features, physical characteristics, figure as it is related to the various planes of cut, and by chemical means.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lignin chemistry—past, present and future
TL;DR: Later development, beginning with the dehydrogenation theory and experimental studies on the de-hydrogenative polymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, is reviewed in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent progress in the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses
TL;DR: In this article, the present status of the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses is summarized, with special emphasis on recent contributions, and problems still to be solved in wood chemistry are discussed, and an attempt is made to predict future developments in this field.