Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of liquefaction and pyrolysis reactions of biomass
TLDR
In the liquefaction process, the micellar-like broken down fragments produced by hydrolysis are degraded to smaller compounds by dehydration, dehydrogenation, deoxygenation and decarboxylation as mentioned in this paper.About:
This article is published in Energy Conversion and Management.The article was published on 2000-04-01. It has received 904 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Deoxygenation & Thermal depolymerization.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Thermochemical liquefaction of high-diversity grassland perennials.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the hydrothermal liquefaction of low-input high-diversity mixtures of native grassland perennials (LIHD), pretreated with dilute acid, and lignin extracted from LIHD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass: Influence of temperature and biomass composition on the bio-oil production
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of temperature and biomass composition on the yield and quality of bio-oil produced from three different biomass such as natural hay, oak wood and walnut shell was investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrogen donor solvents in liquefaction of biomass: A review
TL;DR: In this article, a review on performances of water, alcohols and other hydrogen donor solvents in liquefaction of biomass has been made, and the yield of hydrogen donated in the reaction has also been reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of biochar-based catalysts in biomass upgrading: a review
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of pyrochar and hydrochar is proposed, and the activation and/or functionalization of biochar are also included, including biochar-based solid acids for biomass hydrolysis and dehydration, biocharbased catalysts for biodiesel production, and biochars as catalyst supports for biomass pyrolysis, gasification and bio-oil upgrading.
Journal ArticleDOI
Energy valorisation of food processing residues and model compounds by hydrothermal liquefaction
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the two main issues to address for development of the process at large scales, namely, technological and process integration issues have to be addressed to ensure economic viability of commercial HTL processes.
References
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Book
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure
TL;DR: Localized Chemical bonding Delocalized Chemical Bonding Bonding Weaker than Covalent Stereochemistry Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes Mechanisms and Methods of Determining them Photochemistry Acids and Bases Effects of Structure on Reactivity Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution Aromatic Electrophilic Substitutes Aliphatically Electrophilic Substitution Free-Radical Substitution Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds Adding to Carbon Hetero Multiple Bonds Eliminations Rearrangements Ox
BookDOI
Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions.
Dietrich Fengel,Gerd Wegener +1 more
TL;DR: The anatomy and chemistry of wood are described in detail, and with extensive reference to the literature, under the following headings: Introduction; Structure and ultrastructure; Chemical composition and analysis of wood; Cellulose; Polyoses (hemicelluloses); Lignin; Extractives; Distribution of the components within the wood cell wall; Constituents of bark; Reactions in acidic medium; reactions in alkaline medium; Influence of temperature; Degradation by light and ionizing rays; Microbial and enzymatic degradation; Aging and fossilization; Pul
Book
Textbook of Wood Technology
A. J. Panshin,C. de Zeeuw +1 more
TL;DR: The first part deals with the formation, anatomy and properties of wood, and the second part is important for the numerous means of identifying woods which it contains as discussed by the authors, including anatomical means, structural features, physical characteristics, figure as it is related to the various planes of cut, and by chemical means.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lignin chemistry—past, present and future
TL;DR: Later development, beginning with the dehydrogenation theory and experimental studies on the de-hydrogenative polymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, is reviewed in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent progress in the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses
TL;DR: In this article, the present status of the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses is summarized, with special emphasis on recent contributions, and problems still to be solved in wood chemistry are discussed, and an attempt is made to predict future developments in this field.