Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of liquefaction and pyrolysis reactions of biomass
TLDR
In the liquefaction process, the micellar-like broken down fragments produced by hydrolysis are degraded to smaller compounds by dehydration, dehydrogenation, deoxygenation and decarboxylation as mentioned in this paper.About:
This article is published in Energy Conversion and Management.The article was published on 2000-04-01. It has received 904 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Deoxygenation & Thermal depolymerization.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Preparation and characterization of bio-oils from internally circulating fluidized-bed pyrolyses of municipal, livestock, and wood waste
Jing-Pei Cao,Xianbin Xiao,Zhang Shouyu,Xiao-Yan Zhao,Xiao-Yan Zhao,Kazuyoshi Sato,Yukiko Ogawa,Xian-Yong Wei,Takayuki Takarada +8 more
TL;DR: The results show that the bio-oil from SS is rich in aliphatic and organonitrogen species, while theBio- oil from PC exhibits higher caloric value due to its higher carbon content and lower oxygen content in comparison with that from SS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of thermal behavior of natural and hot-washed sisal fibers based on their main components: Cellulose, xylan and lignin. TG-FTIR analysis of volatile products
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal behavior of natural and hot-washed sisal fibers was investigated by thermal X-ray diffraction (TXRD), analyzing the crystallinity index (%Ic) of cellulosic samples, and by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis coupled with Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry (TG/DTA-FTIR), which allowed to examine the evolution of the main volatile compounds evolved during the degradation under inert and oxidizing atmospheres.
Book
Gasoline, Diesel, and Ethanol Biofuels from Grasses and Plants
Ram B. Gupta,Ayhan Demirbas +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the economic impact of bio-diesel, diesel, bio-oil, and bio-crude from biomass hydrothermal liquefaction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maximum fossil fuel feedstock replacement potential of petrochemicals via biorefineries
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a limited energetic and exergetic cradle-to-factory gate analysis following the principles of life cycle assessments (LCA) to determine the optimal biorefinery cropping system according to the fossil fuel mitigation efficiency in relation to chemical feedstock products and land use consumption, and demonstrated that the highest potential of biomass to replace fossil fuel resources is as an alterative feedstock source in the petrochemical industry.
Journal ArticleDOI
Classified Separation of Lignin Hydrothermal Liquefied Products
TL;DR: In this article, a mechanism for phenolic production from lignin liquefaction is proposed, and it suggests that the decomposition of Lignin under hydrothermal conditions occurs mainly by three steps: hydrolysis and cleavage of the ether bond and the C-C bond, demethoxylation, and alkylation.
References
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Book
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure
TL;DR: Localized Chemical bonding Delocalized Chemical Bonding Bonding Weaker than Covalent Stereochemistry Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes Mechanisms and Methods of Determining them Photochemistry Acids and Bases Effects of Structure on Reactivity Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution Aromatic Electrophilic Substitutes Aliphatically Electrophilic Substitution Free-Radical Substitution Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds Adding to Carbon Hetero Multiple Bonds Eliminations Rearrangements Ox
BookDOI
Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions.
Dietrich Fengel,Gerd Wegener +1 more
TL;DR: The anatomy and chemistry of wood are described in detail, and with extensive reference to the literature, under the following headings: Introduction; Structure and ultrastructure; Chemical composition and analysis of wood; Cellulose; Polyoses (hemicelluloses); Lignin; Extractives; Distribution of the components within the wood cell wall; Constituents of bark; Reactions in acidic medium; reactions in alkaline medium; Influence of temperature; Degradation by light and ionizing rays; Microbial and enzymatic degradation; Aging and fossilization; Pul
Book
Textbook of Wood Technology
A. J. Panshin,C. de Zeeuw +1 more
TL;DR: The first part deals with the formation, anatomy and properties of wood, and the second part is important for the numerous means of identifying woods which it contains as discussed by the authors, including anatomical means, structural features, physical characteristics, figure as it is related to the various planes of cut, and by chemical means.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lignin chemistry—past, present and future
TL;DR: Later development, beginning with the dehydrogenation theory and experimental studies on the de-hydrogenative polymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, is reviewed in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent progress in the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses
TL;DR: In this article, the present status of the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses is summarized, with special emphasis on recent contributions, and problems still to be solved in wood chemistry are discussed, and an attempt is made to predict future developments in this field.