Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanisms of liquefaction and pyrolysis reactions of biomass
TLDR
In the liquefaction process, the micellar-like broken down fragments produced by hydrolysis are degraded to smaller compounds by dehydration, dehydrogenation, deoxygenation and decarboxylation as mentioned in this paper.About:
This article is published in Energy Conversion and Management.The article was published on 2000-04-01. It has received 904 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Deoxygenation & Thermal depolymerization.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Qualitative analysis of volatile organic compounds on biochar.
Kurt A. Spokas,Jeffrey M. Novak,Catherine E. Stewart,Keri B. Cantrell,Minori Uchimiya,Martin G. DuSaire,Kyoung S. Ro +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used headspace thermal desorption coupled with capillary gas chromatographic mass spectrometry to identify sorbed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on biochar.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrothermal Treatment (HTT) of Microalgae: Evaluation of the Process As Conversion Method in an Algae Biorefinery Concept
Laura Garcia Alba,Cristian Torri,Chiara Samorì,Jaapjan van der Spek,Daniele Fabbri,Sascha R.A. Kersten,Derk Willem Frederik Brilman +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the potential of the hydrothermal treatment (HTT) technology as a process to convert algae and algal debris into a liquid fuel, within a sustainable algae biorefinery concept in which high value products are coproduced, nutrients and water are recycled, and the use of fossil energy is minimized.
Book
Biofuels: Securing the Planet’s Future Energy Needs
TL;DR: The primary feedstocks of bioethanol are sugarcane and corn as discussed by the authors, which is the most widely used biofuel for transportation worldwide, and about 60% of global bio-ethanol production comes from sugar cane and 40% from other crops.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reconstructing past fire regimes: methods, applications, and relevance to fire management and conservation
TL;DR: A review of the most important existing approaches for reconstructing fire history at centennial to millennial scales can be found in this paper, where the authors suggest that emphasis should be laid on discriminating natural from anthropogenic fire-regime types, and improving combined analysis of fire and vegetation reconstructions to study long-term fire ecology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in heterogeneous catalysts for bio-oil upgrading via “ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis”: catalyst development through the study of model compounds
TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent advances in heterogeneous catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation of biomass pyrolysis products is presented, focusing on studies that made use of model compounds for comparison of catalysts and the reaction networks they promote.
References
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Book
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure
TL;DR: Localized Chemical bonding Delocalized Chemical Bonding Bonding Weaker than Covalent Stereochemistry Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes Mechanisms and Methods of Determining them Photochemistry Acids and Bases Effects of Structure on Reactivity Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution Aromatic Electrophilic Substitutes Aliphatically Electrophilic Substitution Free-Radical Substitution Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds Adding to Carbon Hetero Multiple Bonds Eliminations Rearrangements Ox
BookDOI
Wood: chemistry, ultrastructure, reactions.
Dietrich Fengel,Gerd Wegener +1 more
TL;DR: The anatomy and chemistry of wood are described in detail, and with extensive reference to the literature, under the following headings: Introduction; Structure and ultrastructure; Chemical composition and analysis of wood; Cellulose; Polyoses (hemicelluloses); Lignin; Extractives; Distribution of the components within the wood cell wall; Constituents of bark; Reactions in acidic medium; reactions in alkaline medium; Influence of temperature; Degradation by light and ionizing rays; Microbial and enzymatic degradation; Aging and fossilization; Pul
Book
Textbook of Wood Technology
A. J. Panshin,C. de Zeeuw +1 more
TL;DR: The first part deals with the formation, anatomy and properties of wood, and the second part is important for the numerous means of identifying woods which it contains as discussed by the authors, including anatomical means, structural features, physical characteristics, figure as it is related to the various planes of cut, and by chemical means.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lignin chemistry—past, present and future
TL;DR: Later development, beginning with the dehydrogenation theory and experimental studies on the de-hydrogenative polymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, is reviewed in this article.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent progress in the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses
TL;DR: In this article, the present status of the chemistry of wood hemicelluloses is summarized, with special emphasis on recent contributions, and problems still to be solved in wood chemistry are discussed, and an attempt is made to predict future developments in this field.